diff --git a/.changeset/refresh-slash-menu-on-lang-switch.md b/.changeset/refresh-slash-menu-on-lang-switch.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..33b9f439d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/refresh-slash-menu-on-lang-switch.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+"@moonshot-ai/kimi-code": patch
+---
+
+Refresh localized slash-command descriptions immediately after language switches or TUI config reloads, and update the Chinese thinking-mode footer label.
diff --git a/.changeset/tui-i18n-language-footer.md b/.changeset/tui-i18n-language-footer.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6857cb50e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/tui-i18n-language-footer.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+"@moonshot-ai/kimi-code": minor
+---
+
+Add a `language` setting to `tui.toml` (`auto` | `en` | `zh-CN`) and render the footer status bar in Simplified Chinese when Chinese is selected or detected from the system locale.
diff --git a/.changeset/tui-i18n-language-selector.md b/.changeset/tui-i18n-language-selector.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..151c5825b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/tui-i18n-language-selector.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+"@moonshot-ai/kimi-code": minor
+---
+
+Add a Language entry to `/settings` for switching the UI language at runtime. Picking Auto / English / 简体中文 flips the interface immediately (no restart), persists to `tui.toml`, and is re-applied on startup and by `/reload`.
diff --git a/.changeset/tui-i18n-reverse-rpc-panels.md b/.changeset/tui-i18n-reverse-rpc-panels.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f48f577b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/tui-i18n-reverse-rpc-panels.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+"@moonshot-ai/kimi-code": minor
+---
+
+Translate the reverse-RPC approval and question panels through the i18n layer: headers, choice buttons, danger labels, prompts, and key hints now render in the active UI language, with `en` and `zh-CN` translations under the new `reverseRpc` namespace.
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/package.json b/apps/kimi-code/package.json
index def82d70f..b96fcec2d 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/package.json
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/package.json
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
   "type": "module",
   "imports": {
     "#/tui/theme": "./src/tui/theme/index.ts",
+    "#/tui/i18n": "./src/tui/i18n/index.ts",
     "#/cli/sub/server": "./src/cli/sub/server/index.ts",
     "#/cli/sub/server/*": "./src/cli/sub/server/*.ts",
     "#/*": [
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/src/cli/run-shell.ts b/apps/kimi-code/src/cli/run-shell.ts
index 25d6af369..677c88b6b 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/src/cli/run-shell.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/src/cli/run-shell.ts
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import { detectPendingMigration } from '#/migration/index';
 import type { TuiConfig } from '#/tui/config';
 import { loadTuiConfig, TuiConfigParseError } from '#/tui/config';
 import { CHROME_GUTTER } from '#/tui/constant/rendering';
+import { i18n, resolveLocale } from '#/tui/i18n';
 import { KimiTUI } from '#/tui/index';
 import { currentTheme, getColorPalette } from '#/tui/theme';
 import { combineStartupNotice } from '#/tui/utils/startup';
@@ -38,19 +39,29 @@ export async function runShell(
   const startedAt = Date.now();
   const configStartedAt = startedAt;
   let tuiConfig: TuiConfig;
-  let configWarning: string | undefined;
+  // The config-parse notice is rendered through i18n *after* the locale is
+  // resolved below — config load runs before we know the language, so we only
+  // record that it failed here and translate once the locale is available.
+  let configParseFailed = false;
   try {
     tuiConfig = await loadTuiConfig();
   } catch (error) {
     if (!(error instanceof TuiConfigParseError)) throw error;
     tuiConfig = error.fallback;
-    configWarning = error.message;
+    configParseFailed = true;
   }
 
   // Initialise the global Theme singleton before pi-tui grabs stdin.
   const palette = await getColorPalette(tuiConfig.theme);
   currentTheme.setPalette(palette);
 
+  // Initialise the global I18n singleton alongside the theme: resolve the
+  // configured language (including `'auto'`) to a concrete locale so the TUI
+  // renders in the right language from the first frame.
+  i18n.setLocale(resolveLocale(tuiConfig.language));
+
+  let configWarning = configParseFailed ? i18n.t('cli.config.invalidTuiConfig') : undefined;
+
   const workDir = process.cwd();
   const telemetryBootstrap = createCliTelemetryBootstrap();
   const telemetryClient: TelemetryClient = {
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/commands/config.ts b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/commands/config.ts
index 9b91d4ba0..5b80dc26b 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/commands/config.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/commands/config.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import type {
 } from '@moonshot-ai/kimi-code-sdk';
 
 import { EditorSelectorComponent } from '../components/dialogs/editor-selector';
+import { LanguageSelectorComponent } from '../components/dialogs/language-selector';
 import {
   ExperimentsSelectorComponent,
   type ExperimentalFeatureDraftChange,
@@ -16,6 +17,8 @@ import { SettingsSelectorComponent, type SettingsSelection } from '../components
 import { ThemeSelectorComponent } from '../components/dialogs/theme-selector';
 import { UpdatePreferenceSelectorComponent } from '../components/dialogs/update-preference-selector';
 import { saveTuiConfig } from '../config';
+import type { TuiLanguage } from '../config';
+import { i18n, resolveLocale } from '#/tui/i18n';
 import type { ThemeName } from '#/tui/theme';
 import { currentTheme, isBuiltInTheme, lightColors, loadCustomThemeMerged } from '#/tui/theme';
 import { NO_ACTIVE_SESSION_MESSAGE } from '../constant/kimi-tui';
@@ -274,6 +277,7 @@ async function applyEditorChoice(host: SlashCommandHost, value: string): Promise
   try {
     await saveTuiConfig({
       theme: host.state.appState.theme,
+      language: host.state.appState.language,
       editorCommand,
       notifications: host.state.appState.notifications,
       upgrade: host.state.appState.upgrade,
@@ -424,6 +428,7 @@ async function applyThemeChoice(host: SlashCommandHost, theme: ThemeName): Promi
   try {
     await saveTuiConfig({
       theme,
+      language: host.state.appState.language,
       editorCommand: host.state.appState.editorCommand,
       notifications: host.state.appState.notifications,
       upgrade: host.state.appState.upgrade,
@@ -446,6 +451,56 @@ async function applyThemeChoice(host: SlashCommandHost, theme: ThemeName): Promi
   host.showStatus(`Theme set to "${theme}"${detail}.`);
 }
 
+function showLanguagePicker(host: SlashCommandHost): void {
+  host.mountEditorReplacement(
+    new LanguageSelectorComponent({
+      currentValue: host.state.appState.language,
+      onSelect: (value) => {
+        host.restoreEditor();
+        void applyLanguageChoice(host, value);
+      },
+      onCancel: () => {
+        host.restoreEditor();
+      },
+    }),
+  );
+}
+
+export async function applyLanguageChoice(host: LanguageHost, language: TuiLanguage): Promise<void> {
+  if (language === host.state.appState.language) {
+    host.showStatus(`Language unchanged: "${language}".`);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  try {
+    await saveTuiConfig({
+      theme: host.state.appState.theme,
+      language,
+      editorCommand: host.state.appState.editorCommand,
+      notifications: host.state.appState.notifications,
+      upgrade: host.state.appState.upgrade,
+    });
+  } catch (error) {
+    host.showStatus(
+      `Failed to save language: ${formatErrorMessage(error)}`,
+      'error',
+    );
+    return;
+  }
+
+  host.setAppState({ language });
+  // Flip the live UI locale and repaint so every component — footer, chrome,
+  // and any open dialog — re-renders in the new language without a restart.
+  i18n.setLocale(resolveLocale(language));
+  // The `/` autocomplete holds a one-time snapshot of localized command
+  // descriptions (see setupAutocomplete); rebuild it so the command menu
+  // follows the new locale immediately instead of only after a restart.
+  host.refreshSlashCommandAutocomplete();
+  host.state.ui.requestRender();
+  host.track('language_switch', { language });
+  host.showStatus(`Language set to "${language}".`);
+}
+
 export function showPermissionPicker(host: SlashCommandHost): void {
   host.mountEditorReplacement(
     new PermissionSelectorComponent({
@@ -542,11 +597,25 @@ function mountExperimentsPanel(
   );
 }
 
+type LanguageHost = {
+  readonly state: {
+    readonly appState: Pick<
+      SlashCommandHost['state']['appState'],
+      'theme' | 'language' | 'editorCommand' | 'notifications' | 'upgrade'
+    >;
+    readonly ui: Pick<SlashCommandHost['state']['ui'], 'requestRender'>;
+  };
+  setAppState(patch: Pick<SlashCommandHost['state']['appState'], 'language'>): void;
+  showStatus(msg: string, color?: string): void;
+  track: SlashCommandHost['track'];
+  refreshSlashCommandAutocomplete: SlashCommandHost['refreshSlashCommandAutocomplete'];
+};
+
 type UpdatePreferenceHost = {
   readonly state: {
     readonly appState: Pick<
       SlashCommandHost['state']['appState'],
-      'theme' | 'editorCommand' | 'notifications' | 'upgrade'
+      'theme' | 'language' | 'editorCommand' | 'notifications' | 'upgrade'
     >;
   };
   setAppState(patch: Pick<SlashCommandHost['state']['appState'], 'upgrade'>): void;
@@ -567,6 +636,7 @@ export async function applyUpdatePreferenceChoice(
   try {
     await saveTuiConfig({
       theme: host.state.appState.theme,
+      language: host.state.appState.language,
       editorCommand: host.state.appState.editorCommand,
       notifications: host.state.appState.notifications,
       upgrade,
@@ -621,6 +691,7 @@ function handleSettingsSelection(host: SlashCommandHost, value: SettingsSelectio
     case 'model': showModelPicker(host); return;
     case 'permission': showPermissionPicker(host); return;
     case 'theme': showThemePicker(host); return;
+    case 'language': showLanguagePicker(host); return;
     case 'editor': showEditorPicker(host); return;
     case 'experiments': void showExperimentsPanel(host); return;
     case 'upgrade': showUpdatePreferencePicker(host); return;
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/commands/info.ts b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/commands/info.ts
index 73cc99824..89326c614 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/commands/info.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/commands/info.ts
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import {
 } from '../constant/feedback';
 import { isManagedUsageProvider } from '../constant/kimi-tui';
 import { formatErrorMessage } from '../utils/event-payload';
+import { i18n } from '#/tui/i18n';
 import { openUrl } from '#/utils/open-url';
 import { promptFeedbackInput } from './prompts';
 import type { SlashCommandHost } from './dispatch';
@@ -125,7 +126,11 @@ export async function showStatusReport(host: SlashCommandHost): Promise<void> {
     managedUsage: managedUsage?.usage,
     managedUsageError: managedUsage?.error,
   };
-  const panel = new UsagePanelComponent(() => buildStatusReportLines(reportArgs), 'primary', ' Status ');
+  const panel = new UsagePanelComponent(
+    () => buildStatusReportLines(reportArgs),
+    'primary',
+    i18n.t('components.status.panelTitle'),
+  );
   host.state.transcriptContainer.addChild(panel);
   host.state.ui.requestRender();
 }
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/commands/registry.ts b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/commands/registry.ts
index f6274f79a..16bf6e81f 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/commands/registry.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/commands/registry.ts
@@ -1,44 +1,50 @@
 import type { AutocompleteItem } from '@earendil-works/pi-tui';
 
+import { i18n } from '#/tui/i18n';
+
 import { completeLeadingArg, type ArgCompletionSpec } from './complete-args';
 import type { KimiSlashCommand, SlashCommandAvailability } from './types';
 
-/** Subcommands offered when autocompleting `/goal <…>`. */
-const GOAL_ARG_COMPLETIONS: readonly ArgCompletionSpec[] = [
-  { value: 'status', description: 'Show the current goal' },
-  { value: 'pause', description: 'Pause the active goal' },
-  { value: 'resume', description: 'Resume a paused goal' },
-  { value: 'cancel', description: 'Cancel and remove the current goal' },
-  { value: 'replace', description: 'Replace the current goal with a new objective' },
-  { value: 'next', description: 'Queue an upcoming goal' },
-];
+/**
+ * Subcommand argument-completion specs, built at call time so descriptions
+ * follow the active locale. `value` is an identifier and stays untranslated;
+ * only `description` is localized via `commands.args.*`.
+ */
+function goalArgCompletions(): ArgCompletionSpec[] {
+  return ['status', 'pause', 'resume', 'cancel', 'replace', 'next'].map((value) => ({
+    value,
+    description: i18n.t(`commands.args.goal.${value}`),
+  }));
+}
 
-const GOAL_NEXT_ARG_COMPLETIONS: readonly ArgCompletionSpec[] = [
-  { value: 'manage', description: 'Manage upcoming goals' },
-];
+function goalNextArgCompletions(): ArgCompletionSpec[] {
+  return [{ value: 'manage', description: i18n.t('commands.args.goal.manage') }];
+}
 
-const SWARM_ARG_COMPLETIONS: readonly ArgCompletionSpec[] = [
-  { value: 'on', description: 'Turn swarm mode on' },
-  { value: 'off', description: 'Turn swarm mode off' },
-];
+function swarmArgCompletions(): ArgCompletionSpec[] {
+  return ['on', 'off'].map((value) => ({
+    value,
+    description: i18n.t(`commands.args.swarm.${value}`),
+  }));
+}
 
 /** Argument autocompletion for the `/goal` command (subcommands). */
 export function goalArgumentCompletions(argumentPrefix: string): AutocompleteItem[] | null {
   const nextMatch = argumentPrefix.match(/^next\s+(\S*)$/i);
   if (nextMatch !== null) {
     return (
-      completeLeadingArg(GOAL_NEXT_ARG_COMPLETIONS, nextMatch[1] ?? '')?.map((item) => ({
+      completeLeadingArg(goalNextArgCompletions(), nextMatch[1] ?? '')?.map((item) => ({
         ...item,
         value: `next ${item.value}`,
       })) ?? null
     );
   }
-  return completeLeadingArg(GOAL_ARG_COMPLETIONS, argumentPrefix);
+  return completeLeadingArg(goalArgCompletions(), argumentPrefix);
 }
 
 /** Argument autocompletion for the `/swarm` command (subcommands). */
 export function swarmArgumentCompletions(argumentPrefix: string): AutocompleteItem[] | null {
-  return completeLeadingArg(SWARM_ARG_COMPLETIONS, argumentPrefix);
+  return completeLeadingArg(swarmArgCompletions(), argumentPrefix);
 }
 
 export const BUILTIN_SLASH_COMMANDS = [
@@ -309,6 +315,23 @@ export function findBuiltInSlashCommand(commandName: string): BuiltinSlashComman
   ) as BuiltinSlashCommand | undefined;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Builtin commands with their `description` resolved for the active locale.
+ *
+ * The static `description` strings on `BUILTIN_SLASH_COMMANDS` are the English
+ * source of truth; display surfaces (autocomplete + the `/help` panel) call
+ * this so the description follows `i18n.setLocale(...)` at render time, exactly
+ * as components call `i18n.t(...)`. Command names / aliases are identifiers and
+ * are never translated. Skill-provided commands keep their own descriptions —
+ * only the framework's own builtins are localized here.
+ */
+export function localizedBuiltinSlashCommands(): readonly KimiSlashCommand[] {
+  return BUILTIN_SLASH_COMMANDS.map((command) => ({
+    ...command,
+    description: i18n.t(`commands.descriptions.${command.name}`),
+  }));
+}
+
 export function resolveSlashCommandAvailability(
   command: KimiSlashCommand,
   args: string,
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/commands/reload.ts b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/commands/reload.ts
index a8700d95e..f8e21f9bb 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/commands/reload.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/commands/reload.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import type { KimiConfig } from '@moonshot-ai/kimi-code-sdk';
 
+import { i18n, resolveLocale } from '#/tui/i18n';
 import { currentTheme, lightColors } from '#/tui/theme';
 import { loadTuiConfig, type TuiConfig } from '../config';
 import type { SlashCommandHost } from './dispatch';
@@ -22,8 +23,9 @@ export async function handleReloadCommand(host: SlashCommandHost): Promise<void>
 
   const config = await host.harness.getConfig({ reload: true });
   setExperimentalFeatures(await host.harness.getExperimentalFeatures());
-  host.refreshSlashCommandAutocomplete();
   applyRuntimeConfig(host, config);
+  // applyReloadedTuiConfig rebuilds the slash-command autocomplete, picking up
+  // both the refreshed experimental-flag gating above and the reloaded locale.
   await applyReloadedTuiConfig(host, tuiConfig);
 
   if (session === undefined) {
@@ -43,10 +45,19 @@ export async function applyReloadedTuiConfig(
     : undefined;
   await host.applyTheme(config.theme, resolved);
   host.refreshTerminalThemeTracking();
+  // Re-apply the language alongside the theme: update the persisted preference
+  // in app state and flip the live i18n locale so a reloaded `language` takes
+  // effect without a process restart.
+  i18n.setLocale(resolveLocale(config.language));
+  // Rebuild the `/` autocomplete snapshot so its localized command descriptions
+  // follow the reloaded locale. `/reload` already refreshes it separately, but
+  // `/reload-tui` reaches this helper directly, so refresh here too.
+  host.refreshSlashCommandAutocomplete();
   host.setAppState({
     editorCommand: config.editorCommand,
     notifications: config.notifications,
     upgrade: config.upgrade,
+    language: config.language,
   });
 }
 
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/chrome/footer.ts b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/chrome/footer.ts
index 127009506..cda160cf1 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/chrome/footer.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/chrome/footer.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import { truncateToWidth, visibleWidth } from '@earendil-works/pi-tui';
 import chalk from 'chalk';
 
 import { isRainbowDancing, renderDanceFooterModel } from '#/tui/easter-eggs/dance';
+import { i18n } from '#/tui/i18n';
 import { currentTheme } from '#/tui/theme';
 import type { ColorPalette } from '#/tui/theme/colors';
 import type { AppState } from '#/tui/types';
@@ -199,11 +200,12 @@ function safeUsage(usage: number): number {
 }
 
 function formatContextStatus(usage: number, tokens?: number, maxTokens?: number): string {
+  const label = i18n.t('components.footer.context');
   const pct = `${(safeUsage(usage) * 100).toFixed(1)}%`;
   if (maxTokens && maxTokens > 0 && tokens !== undefined) {
-    return `context: ${pct} (${formatTokenCount(tokens)}/${formatTokenCount(maxTokens)})`;
+    return `${label}: ${pct} (${formatTokenCount(tokens)}/${formatTokenCount(maxTokens)})`;
   }
-  return `context: ${pct}`;
+  return `${label}: ${pct}`;
 }
 
 export function formatFooterGitBadge(status: GitStatus, colors: ColorPalette): string {
@@ -294,7 +296,7 @@ export class FooterComponent implements Component {
 
     const model = modelDisplayName(state);
     if (model) {
-      const thinkingLabel = state.thinking ? ' thinking' : '';
+      const thinkingLabel = state.thinking ? ` ${i18n.t('components.footer.thinking')}` : '';
       const modelLabel = `${model}${thinkingLabel}`;
       let renderedModelLabel = chalk.hex(colors.text)(modelLabel);
       if (isRainbowDancing()) {
@@ -307,15 +309,21 @@ export class FooterComponent implements Component {
     // (shell processes) and `agent-*` tasks (background subagents) get
     // separate badges so the user can distinguish them at a glance.
     if (this.backgroundBashTaskCount > 0) {
-      const noun = this.backgroundBashTaskCount === 1 ? 'task' : 'tasks';
+      const key =
+        this.backgroundBashTaskCount === 1
+          ? 'components.footer.taskRunning'
+          : 'components.footer.tasksRunning';
       left.push(
-        chalk.hex(colors.primary)(`[${String(this.backgroundBashTaskCount)} ${noun} running]`),
+        chalk.hex(colors.primary)(`[${i18n.t(key, { count: this.backgroundBashTaskCount })}]`),
       );
     }
     if (this.backgroundAgentCount > 0) {
-      const noun = this.backgroundAgentCount === 1 ? 'agent' : 'agents';
+      const key =
+        this.backgroundAgentCount === 1
+          ? 'components.footer.agentRunning'
+          : 'components.footer.agentsRunning';
       left.push(
-        chalk.hex(colors.primary)(`[${String(this.backgroundAgentCount)} ${noun} running]`),
+        chalk.hex(colors.primary)(`[${i18n.t(key, { count: this.backgroundAgentCount })}]`),
       );
     }
 
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/chrome/welcome.ts b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/chrome/welcome.ts
index 3db1de3cf..f7a6fa9a1 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/chrome/welcome.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/chrome/welcome.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import { truncateToWidth, visibleWidth } from '@earendil-works/pi-tui';
 import chalk from 'chalk';
 
 import { isRainbowDancing, renderDanceWelcomeHeader } from '#/tui/easter-eggs/dance';
+import { i18n } from '#/tui/i18n';
 import type { AppState } from '#/tui/types';
 import { currentTheme } from '#/tui/theme';
 
@@ -27,14 +28,15 @@ export class WelcomeComponent implements Component {
     const activeModel = this.state.availableModels[this.state.model];
 
     if (safeWidth < 24) {
-      const title = chalk.bold.hex(currentTheme.palette.primary)('Welcome to Kimi Code!');
+      const title = chalk.bold.hex(currentTheme.palette.primary)(i18n.t('components.welcome.title'));
       const prompt = isLoggedOut
-        ? chalk.hex(currentTheme.palette.warning)('Run /login or /provider to get started.')
-        : chalk.hex(currentTheme.palette.textDim)('Send /help for help information.');
+        ? chalk.hex(currentTheme.palette.warning)(i18n.t('components.welcome.getStarted'))
+        : chalk.hex(currentTheme.palette.textDim)(i18n.t('components.welcome.helpHint'));
       const model = isLoggedOut
-        ? chalk.hex(currentTheme.palette.warning)('not set, run /login or /provider')
+        ? chalk.hex(currentTheme.palette.warning)(i18n.t('components.welcome.modelNotSet'))
         : (activeModel?.displayName ?? activeModel?.model ?? this.state.model);
-      return ['', title, prompt, `Model: ${model}`].map((line) =>
+      const modelLabel = i18n.t('components.welcome.labels.model');
+      return ['', title, prompt, `${modelLabel}: ${model}`].map((line) =>
         truncateToWidth(line, safeWidth, '…'),
       );
     }
@@ -49,14 +51,18 @@ export class WelcomeComponent implements Component {
     const textWidth = Math.max(4, innerWidth - logoWidth - gap.length);
 
     const rightRow0 = truncateToWidth(
-      chalk.bold.hex(currentTheme.palette.primary)('Welcome to Kimi Code!'),
+      chalk.bold.hex(currentTheme.palette.primary)(i18n.t('components.welcome.title')),
       textWidth,
       '…',
     );
     const dim = chalk.hex(currentTheme.palette.textDim);
     const labelStyle = chalk.bold.hex(currentTheme.palette.textDim);
     const rightRow1 = truncateToWidth(
-      dim(isLoggedOut ? 'Run /login or /provider to get started.' : 'Send /help for help information.'),
+      dim(
+        isLoggedOut
+          ? i18n.t('components.welcome.getStarted')
+          : i18n.t('components.welcome.helpHint'),
+      ),
       textWidth,
       '…',
     );
@@ -70,20 +76,29 @@ export class WelcomeComponent implements Component {
     }
 
     const modelValue = isLoggedOut
-      ? chalk.hex(currentTheme.palette.warning)('not set, run /login or /provider')
+      ? chalk.hex(currentTheme.palette.warning)(i18n.t('components.welcome.modelNotSet'))
       : (activeModel?.displayName ?? activeModel?.model ?? this.state.model);
 
-    const infoLines = [
-      labelStyle('Directory: ') + this.state.workDir,
-      labelStyle('Session:   ') + this.state.sessionId,
-      labelStyle('Model:     ') + modelValue,
-      labelStyle('Version:   ') + this.state.version,
+    const label = (key: string): string => `${i18n.t(`components.welcome.labels.${key}`)}:`;
+    const infoFields: Array<[label: string, value: string]> = [
+      [label('directory'), this.state.workDir],
+      [label('session'), this.state.sessionId],
+      [label('model'), modelValue],
+      [label('version'), this.state.version],
     ];
-
     if (this.state.mcpServersSummary) {
-      infoLines.push(labelStyle('MCP:       ') + this.state.mcpServersSummary);
+      infoFields.push([label('mcp'), this.state.mcpServersSummary]);
     }
 
+    // Pad each label to a common display width (not char count) plus one gap,
+    // so the value column lines up regardless of locale — CJK labels are
+    // double-width.
+    const labelColWidth = Math.max(...infoFields.map(([text]) => visibleWidth(text))) + 1;
+    const infoLines = infoFields.map(([text, value]) => {
+      const padding = ' '.repeat(Math.max(0, labelColWidth - visibleWidth(text)));
+      return labelStyle(text + padding) + value;
+    });
+
     const contentLines: string[] = [...renderedHeaderLines, '', ...infoLines];
 
     const lines: string[] = [
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/approval-panel.ts b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/approval-panel.ts
index 1f1a55403..a0e3d455b 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/approval-panel.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/approval-panel.ts
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import {
   wrapTextWithAnsi,
 } from '@earendil-works/pi-tui';
 import { currentTheme } from '#/tui/theme';
+import { i18n } from '#/tui/i18n';
 import { highlightLines, langFromPath } from '#/tui/components/media/code-highlight';
 import { renderDiffLinesClustered } from '#/tui/components/media/diff-preview';
 import type {
@@ -84,10 +85,10 @@ function renderShellDisplayBlock(
 ): string[] {
   const lines: string[] = [];
   if (block.cwd !== undefined && block.cwd.length > 0) {
-    lines.push(s.dim(`cwd: ${block.cwd}`));
+    lines.push(s.dim(i18n.t('reverseRpc.approval.cwd', { path: block.cwd })));
   }
   if (block.danger !== undefined) {
-    lines.push(s.errorBold(`Dangerous: ${block.danger}`));
+    lines.push(s.errorBold(i18n.t('reverseRpc.approval.dangerousPrefix', { label: block.danger })));
   }
   const cmdLines = block.command.length > 0 ? block.command.split('\n') : [''];
   cmdLines.forEach((cmdLine, idx) => {
@@ -122,11 +123,11 @@ function renderDisplayBlock(
       }
       const remaining = allLines.length - shown.length;
       if (remaining > 0) {
-        lines.push(
-          s.dim(
-            `     … ${String(remaining)} more line${remaining > 1 ? 's' : ''} hidden (ctrl+e to preview)`,
-          ),
-        );
+        const moreKey =
+          remaining > 1
+            ? 'reverseRpc.approval.moreLinesHidden'
+            : 'reverseRpc.approval.moreLineHidden';
+        lines.push(s.dim(`     ${i18n.t(moreKey, { count: remaining })}`));
       }
       return lines;
     }
@@ -147,7 +148,7 @@ function renderDisplayBlock(
     case 'search': {
       const lines = [`${s.accent('search')} ${s.strong(block.query)}`];
       if (block.scope !== undefined && block.scope.length > 0) {
-        lines.push(s.dim(`scope: ${block.scope}`));
+        lines.push(s.dim(i18n.t('reverseRpc.approval.scope', { scope: block.scope })));
       }
       return lines;
     }
@@ -191,17 +192,17 @@ function isDuplicateBriefBlock(block: DisplayBlock, description: string): boolea
 function headerFor(toolName: string): string {
   switch (toolName) {
     case 'Bash':
-      return 'Run this command?';
+      return i18n.t('reverseRpc.approval.header.bash');
     case 'Write':
-      return 'Write this file?';
+      return i18n.t('reverseRpc.approval.header.write');
     case 'Edit':
-      return 'Apply these edits?';
+      return i18n.t('reverseRpc.approval.header.edit');
     case 'TaskStop':
-      return 'Stop this task?';
+      return i18n.t('reverseRpc.approval.header.taskStop');
     case 'ExitPlanMode':
-      return 'Ready to build with this plan?';
+      return i18n.t('reverseRpc.approval.header.exitPlanMode');
     default:
-      return `Approve ${toolName}?`;
+      return i18n.t('reverseRpc.approval.header.default', { tool: toolName });
   }
 }
 
@@ -383,13 +384,18 @@ export class ApprovalPanelComponent extends Container implements Focusable {
 
     lines.push('');
     if (this.feedbackMode) {
-      lines.push(indent(dim('Type feedback · ↵ submit.')));
+      lines.push(indent(dim(i18n.t('reverseRpc.approval.hint.feedback'))));
     } else {
-      const expandHint = hasPreviewable ? ' · ctrl+e preview' : '';
+      const expandHint = hasPreviewable
+        ? ` · ${i18n.t('reverseRpc.approval.hint.preview')}`
+        : '';
+      const select = i18n.t('reverseRpc.approval.hint.select');
+      const choose = i18n.t('reverseRpc.approval.hint.choose');
+      const confirm = i18n.t('reverseRpc.approval.hint.confirm');
       lines.push(
         indent(
           dim(
-            `↑/↓ select · ${buildNumericHint(data.choices.length)} choose · ↵ confirm${expandHint}`,
+            `↑/↓ ${select} · ${buildNumericHint(data.choices.length)} ${choose} · ↵ ${confirm}${expandHint}`,
           ),
         ),
       );
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/approval-preview.ts b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/approval-preview.ts
index 15974959f..167b2dcfb 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/approval-preview.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/approval-preview.ts
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import {
 
 import { highlightLines, langFromPath } from '#/tui/components/media/code-highlight';
 import { renderDiffLines } from '#/tui/components/media/diff-preview';
+import { i18n } from '#/tui/i18n';
 import type { DiffDisplayBlock, FileContentDisplayBlock } from '#/tui/reverse-rpc/types';
 import { currentTheme } from '#/tui/theme';
 import { printableChar } from '#/tui/utils/printable-key';
@@ -150,7 +151,7 @@ export class ApprovalPreviewViewer extends Container implements Focusable {
   }
 
   private renderHeader(width: number): string {
-    const title = currentTheme.boldFg('primary', ' Preview ');
+    const title = currentTheme.boldFg('primary', ` ${i18n.t('reverseRpc.preview.title')} `);
     return fitExactly(title + this.headerTitle, width);
   }
 
@@ -191,10 +192,10 @@ export class ApprovalPreviewViewer extends Container implements Focusable {
       ` ${String(lineFrom)}-${String(lineTo)} / ${String(total)} (${String(percent)}%) `,
     );
     const keys =
-      `${key('↑↓')} ${dim('line')}  ` +
-      `${key('PgUp/PgDn')} ${dim('page')}  ` +
-      `${key('g/G')} ${dim('top/bot')}  ` +
-      `${key('Q/Esc/Ctrl+E')} ${dim('cancel')}`;
+      `${key('↑↓')} ${dim(i18n.t('reverseRpc.preview.hint.line'))}  ` +
+      `${key('PgUp/PgDn')} ${dim(i18n.t('reverseRpc.preview.hint.page'))}  ` +
+      `${key('g/G')} ${dim(i18n.t('reverseRpc.preview.hint.topBot'))}  ` +
+      `${key('Q/Esc/Ctrl+E')} ${dim(i18n.t('reverseRpc.preview.hint.cancel'))}`;
     const left = ` ${keys}`;
     const leftW = visibleWidth(left);
     const rightW = visibleWidth(position);
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/choice-picker.ts b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/choice-picker.ts
index c03444f9b..3cfc99235 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/choice-picker.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/choice-picker.ts
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import {
   type Focusable,
 } from '@earendil-works/pi-tui';
 import { CURRENT_MARK, SELECT_POINTER } from '#/tui/constant/symbols';
+import { i18n } from '#/tui/i18n';
 import { currentTheme } from '#/tui/theme';
 import { printableChar } from '#/tui/utils/printable-key';
 import { SearchableList } from '#/tui/utils/searchable-list';
@@ -122,9 +123,9 @@ export class ChoicePickerComponent extends Container implements Focusable {
     // Header mirrors the model dialog (see model-selector.ts): border, title
     // with a "(type to search)" suffix until you type, the hint, a blank, then
     // the search line. Key vocabulary is lowercase to match every list dialog.
-    const navParts = ['↑↓ navigate'];
+    const navParts = [i18n.t('common.hints.navigate')];
     if (view.page.pageCount > 1) navParts.push('←→ page');
-    navParts.push('Enter select', 'Esc cancel');
+    navParts.push(i18n.t('common.hints.select'), i18n.t('common.hints.cancel'));
     const hint = this.opts.hint ?? navParts.join(' · ');
 
     const titleSuffix =
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/experiments-selector.ts b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/experiments-selector.ts
index 44042f057..bc0bffb50 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/experiments-selector.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/experiments-selector.ts
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import {
 import type { ExperimentalFeatureState } from '@moonshot-ai/kimi-code-sdk';
 
 import { SELECT_POINTER } from '#/tui/constant/symbols';
+import { i18n } from '#/tui/i18n';
 import { currentTheme } from '#/tui/theme';
 import { printableChar } from '#/tui/utils/printable-key';
 import { SearchableList } from '#/tui/utils/searchable-list';
@@ -67,10 +68,10 @@ export class ExperimentsSelectorComponent extends Container implements Focusable
     const view = this.list.view();
     const titleSuffix =
       view.query.length === 0 ? currentTheme.fg('textMuted', '  (type to search)') : '';
-    const hintParts = ['↑↓ navigate'];
+    const hintParts = [i18n.t('common.hints.navigate')];
     if (view.page.pageCount > 1) hintParts.push('PgUp/PgDn page');
-    hintParts.push('Space toggle', 'Enter apply', 'Esc cancel');
-    if (view.query.length > 0) hintParts.push('Backspace clear');
+    hintParts.push('Space toggle', 'Enter apply', i18n.t('common.hints.cancel'));
+    if (view.query.length > 0) hintParts.push(i18n.t('common.hints.clearSearch'));
 
     const lines: string[] = [
       currentTheme.fg('primary', '─'.repeat(width)),
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/help-panel.ts b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/help-panel.ts
index 1bbb743a0..a3ee1ba30 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/help-panel.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/help-panel.ts
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import {
   type Focusable,
   truncateToWidth,
 } from '@earendil-works/pi-tui';
+import { i18n } from '#/tui/i18n';
 import { currentTheme } from '#/tui/theme';
 
 export interface KeyboardShortcut {
@@ -29,19 +30,26 @@ export interface HelpPanelCommand {
   readonly description: string;
 }
 
-/** Static list — keep in sync with the global editor bindings. */
-export const DEFAULT_KEYBOARD_SHORTCUTS: readonly KeyboardShortcut[] = [
-  { keys: 'Shift-Tab', description: 'Toggle plan mode' },
-  { keys: 'Ctrl-G', description: 'Edit in external editor ($VISUAL / $EDITOR)' },
-  { keys: 'Ctrl-O', description: 'Toggle tool output expansion' },
-  { keys: 'Ctrl-S', description: 'Steer — inject a follow-up during streaming' },
-  { keys: 'Shift-Enter / Ctrl-J', description: 'Insert newline' },
-  { keys: 'Ctrl-C', description: 'Interrupt stream / clear input' },
-  { keys: 'Ctrl-D', description: 'Exit (on empty input)' },
-  { keys: 'Esc', description: 'Close dialogs / interrupt streaming' },
-  { keys: '↑ / ↓', description: 'Browse input history' },
-  { keys: 'Enter', description: 'Submit' },
-];
+/**
+ * Default keyboard shortcuts — keep in sync with the global editor bindings.
+ *
+ * Built at call time so the descriptions follow the active locale; the keys
+ * (`Shift-Tab`, `Ctrl-G`, …) are identifiers and stay verbatim in every locale.
+ */
+export function defaultKeyboardShortcuts(): readonly KeyboardShortcut[] {
+  return [
+    { keys: 'Shift-Tab', description: i18n.t('commands.help.shortcuts.planMode') },
+    { keys: 'Ctrl-G', description: i18n.t('commands.help.shortcuts.externalEditor') },
+    { keys: 'Ctrl-O', description: i18n.t('commands.help.shortcuts.toolOutput') },
+    { keys: 'Ctrl-S', description: i18n.t('commands.help.shortcuts.steer') },
+    { keys: 'Shift-Enter / Ctrl-J', description: i18n.t('commands.help.shortcuts.newline') },
+    { keys: 'Ctrl-C', description: i18n.t('commands.help.shortcuts.interrupt') },
+    { keys: 'Ctrl-D', description: i18n.t('commands.help.shortcuts.exit') },
+    { keys: 'Esc', description: i18n.t('commands.help.shortcuts.closeDialogs') },
+    { keys: '↑ / ↓', description: i18n.t('commands.help.shortcuts.history') },
+    { keys: 'Enter', description: i18n.t('commands.help.shortcuts.submit') },
+  ];
+}
 
 export interface HelpPanelOptions {
   readonly commands: readonly HelpPanelCommand[];
@@ -96,7 +104,7 @@ export class HelpPanelComponent extends Container implements Focusable {
     const kbdColor = (text: string) => currentTheme.fg('warning', text);
     const slashColor = (text: string) => currentTheme.fg('primary', text);
 
-    const shortcuts = this.opts.shortcuts ?? DEFAULT_KEYBOARD_SHORTCUTS;
+    const shortcuts = this.opts.shortcuts ?? defaultKeyboardShortcuts();
     const kbdWidth = Math.max(8, ...shortcuts.map((s) => s.keys.length));
     const sortedCmds = [...this.opts.commands].toSorted(compareSlashCommandsForDisplay);
     const cmdLabels = sortedCmds.map((c) => {
@@ -106,17 +114,18 @@ export class HelpPanelComponent extends Container implements Focusable {
     const cmdWidth = Math.max(12, ...cmdLabels.map((l) => l.length));
     const lines: string[] = [
       accent('─'.repeat(width)),
-      currentTheme.boldFg('primary', ' help ') + muted('· Esc / Enter / q to cancel · ↑↓ scroll'),
+      currentTheme.boldFg('primary', ` ${i18n.t('commands.help.title')} `) +
+        muted(i18n.t('commands.help.dismiss')),
       '',
       // Greeting
-      `  ${dim('Sure, Kimi is ready to help! Just send a message to get started.')}`,
+      `  ${dim(i18n.t('commands.help.greeting'))}`,
       '',
       // Section: keyboard shortcuts
-      `  ${currentTheme.bold('Keyboard shortcuts')}`,
+      `  ${currentTheme.bold(i18n.t('commands.help.keyboardShortcuts'))}`,
       ...shortcuts.map((s) => `    ${kbdColor(s.keys.padEnd(kbdWidth))}  ${dim(s.description)}`),
       '',
       // Section: slash commands
-      `  ${currentTheme.bold('Slash commands')}`,
+      `  ${currentTheme.bold(i18n.t('commands.help.slashCommands'))}`,
       ...sortedCmds.map((cmd, i) => {
         const label = cmdLabels[i] ?? `/${cmd.name}`;
         return `    ${slashColor(label.padEnd(cmdWidth))}  ${dim(cmd.description)}`;
@@ -132,7 +141,12 @@ export class HelpPanelComponent extends Container implements Focusable {
       this.scrollTop = Math.max(0, Math.min(this.scrollTop, content.length - maxVisible));
       const slice = content.slice(this.scrollTop, this.scrollTop + maxVisible);
       const scrollInfo = muted(
-        ` showing ${String(this.scrollTop + 1)}-${String(this.scrollTop + slice.length)} of ${String(content.length)}`,
+        ' ' +
+          i18n.t('commands.help.showing', {
+            start: this.scrollTop + 1,
+            end: this.scrollTop + slice.length,
+            total: content.length,
+          }),
       );
       return [lines[0] ?? '', ...slice, scrollInfo, lines.at(-1) ?? ''].map((line) =>
         truncateToWidth(line, width),
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/language-selector.ts b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/language-selector.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2c2a0538d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/language-selector.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import { ChoicePickerComponent, type ChoiceOption } from './choice-picker';
+
+import type { TuiLanguage } from '#/tui/config';
+
+// Language endonyms ("English", "简体中文") stay in their own script regardless of
+// the active UI locale, so users always recognise their own language.
+const LANGUAGE_OPTIONS: readonly ChoiceOption[] = [
+  { value: 'auto', label: 'Auto (follow system)' },
+  { value: 'en', label: 'English' },
+  { value: 'zh-CN', label: '简体中文' },
+];
+
+export interface LanguageSelectorOptions {
+  readonly currentValue: TuiLanguage;
+  readonly onSelect: (language: TuiLanguage) => void;
+  readonly onCancel: () => void;
+}
+
+export class LanguageSelectorComponent extends ChoicePickerComponent {
+  constructor(opts: LanguageSelectorOptions) {
+    super({
+      title: 'Language / 界面语言',
+      options: [...LANGUAGE_OPTIONS],
+      currentValue: opts.currentValue,
+      onSelect: (value) => {
+        opts.onSelect(value as TuiLanguage);
+      },
+      onCancel: opts.onCancel,
+    });
+  }
+}
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/model-selector.ts b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/model-selector.ts
index f223ba50b..93d9dbb06 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/model-selector.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/model-selector.ts
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import {
 
 import { DEFAULT_OAUTH_PROVIDER_NAME, PRODUCT_NAME } from '#/constant/app';
 import { CURRENT_MARK, SELECT_POINTER } from '#/tui/constant/symbols';
+import { i18n } from '#/tui/i18n';
 import { currentTheme } from '#/tui/theme';
 import { SearchableList } from '#/tui/utils/searchable-list';
 
@@ -177,9 +178,9 @@ export class ModelSelectorComponent extends Container implements Focusable {
     // surfaces the backspace shortcut once a query is active.
     const hintParts: string[] = [];
     if (this.opts.providerSwitchHint) hintParts.push('Tab toggle provider');
-    hintParts.push('↑↓ navigate');
-    if (searchable && view.query.length > 0) hintParts.push('Backspace clear');
-    hintParts.push('Enter select', 'Esc cancel');
+    hintParts.push(i18n.t('common.hints.navigate'));
+    if (searchable && view.query.length > 0) hintParts.push(i18n.t('common.hints.clearSearch'));
+    hintParts.push(i18n.t('common.hints.select'), i18n.t('common.hints.cancel'));
 
     const lines: string[] = [
       currentTheme.fg('primary', '─'.repeat(width)),
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/plugins-selector.ts b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/plugins-selector.ts
index d2bcc8620..77eeff4ba 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/plugins-selector.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/plugins-selector.ts
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import {
 import type { PluginInfo, PluginMcpServerInfo, PluginSummary } from '@moonshot-ai/kimi-code-sdk';
 
 import { SELECT_POINTER } from '#/tui/constant/symbols';
+import { i18n } from '#/tui/i18n';
 import { currentTheme } from '#/tui/theme';
 import { formatPluginSourceLabel, pluginTrustLabel } from '#/tui/utils/plugin-source-label';
 import { printableChar } from '#/tui/utils/printable-key';
@@ -419,7 +420,7 @@ export class PluginRemoveConfirmComponent extends ChoicePickerComponent {
       options: [
         {
           value: REMOVE_CONFIRM_CANCEL,
-          label: 'Cancel',
+          label: i18n.t('common.cancel'),
           description: 'Keep this plugin installed.',
         },
         {
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/question-dialog.ts b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/question-dialog.ts
index ba14033f7..4fd34b085 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/question-dialog.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/question-dialog.ts
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import {
   wrapTextWithAnsi,
 } from '@earendil-works/pi-tui';
 
+import { i18n } from '#/tui/i18n';
 import { currentTheme } from '#/tui/theme';
 import type {
   PendingQuestion,
@@ -26,12 +27,12 @@ import type {
 
 const NUMBER_KEYS = ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9'];
 const MAX_BODY_LINES = 12;
-const DEFAULT_OTHER_LABEL = 'Other';
-const NOT_ANSWERED_LABEL = 'Not answered';
-const REVIEW_TITLE = 'Review your answer before submit';
-const SUBMIT_PROMPT = 'Ready to submit your answers?';
-const UNANSWERED_WARNING = 'Some questions are still unanswered.';
-const SUBMIT_ACTIONS = ['Submit', 'Cancel'] as const;
+const SUBMIT_ACTION_COUNT = 2;
+
+/** Submit-tab action labels, resolved against the active locale at render time. */
+function submitActionLabels(): string[] {
+  return [i18n.t('reverseRpc.question.submit'), i18n.t('reverseRpc.question.cancel')];
+}
 
 interface DisplayOption {
   readonly label: string;
@@ -225,12 +226,12 @@ export class QuestionDialogComponent extends Container implements Focusable {
   private handleSubmitInput(data: string): void {
     if (matchesKey(data, Key.up)) {
       this.submitActionIdx =
-        (this.submitActionIdx - 1 + SUBMIT_ACTIONS.length) % SUBMIT_ACTIONS.length;
+        (this.submitActionIdx - 1 + SUBMIT_ACTION_COUNT) % SUBMIT_ACTION_COUNT;
       this.reviewMessage = undefined;
       return;
     }
     if (matchesKey(data, Key.down)) {
-      this.submitActionIdx = (this.submitActionIdx + 1) % SUBMIT_ACTIONS.length;
+      this.submitActionIdx = (this.submitActionIdx + 1) % SUBMIT_ACTION_COUNT;
       this.reviewMessage = undefined;
       return;
     }
@@ -446,13 +447,17 @@ export class QuestionDialogComponent extends Container implements Focusable {
     const success = (text: string) => currentTheme.fg('success', text);
 
     const renderWidth = Math.max(1, width);
-    const lines: string[] = [accent('─'.repeat(renderWidth)), currentTheme.boldFg('primary', ' question'), ''];
+    const lines: string[] = [
+      accent('─'.repeat(renderWidth)),
+      currentTheme.boldFg('primary', ` ${i18n.t('reverseRpc.question.heading')}`),
+      '',
+    ];
     this.pushTabs(lines);
     lines.push('');
 
     appendWrapped(lines, ' ? ', '   ', question.question, renderWidth, accent);
     if (this.isEditingOther()) {
-      lines.push(dim('   Type your answer, then press Enter to save.'));
+      lines.push(dim(`   ${i18n.t('reverseRpc.question.otherInputHint')}`));
     }
 
     if (question.body !== undefined && question.body.trim().length > 0) {
@@ -463,7 +468,13 @@ export class QuestionDialogComponent extends Container implements Focusable {
         appendWrapped(lines, '   ', '   ', bodyLine, renderWidth, dim);
       }
       if (bodyLines.length > visibleBodyLines.length) {
-        lines.push(dim(`   ... ${String(bodyLines.length - visibleBodyLines.length)} more lines`));
+        lines.push(
+          dim(
+            `   ${i18n.t('reverseRpc.question.moreLines', {
+              count: bodyLines.length - visibleBodyLines.length,
+            })}`,
+          ),
+        );
       }
     }
 
@@ -525,7 +536,11 @@ export class QuestionDialogComponent extends Container implements Focusable {
     if (visibleEnd < options.length || visibleStart > 0) {
       lines.push(
         dim(
-          `   showing ${String(visibleStart + 1)}-${String(visibleEnd)} of ${String(options.length)}`,
+          `   ${i18n.t('reverseRpc.question.showing', {
+            start: visibleStart + 1,
+            end: visibleEnd,
+            total: options.length,
+          })}`,
         ),
       );
     }
@@ -544,12 +559,19 @@ export class QuestionDialogComponent extends Container implements Focusable {
     const warning = (text: string) => currentTheme.fg('warning', text);
 
     const renderWidth = Math.max(1, width);
-    const lines: string[] = [accent('─'.repeat(renderWidth)), currentTheme.boldFg('primary', ' question'), ''];
+    const lines: string[] = [
+      accent('─'.repeat(renderWidth)),
+      currentTheme.boldFg('primary', ` ${i18n.t('reverseRpc.question.heading')}`),
+      '',
+    ];
     this.pushTabs(lines);
     lines.push('');
-    lines.push(currentTheme.boldFg('text', ` ${REVIEW_TITLE}`));
+    lines.push(currentTheme.boldFg('text', ` ${i18n.t('reverseRpc.question.reviewTitle')}`));
     const reviewWarning =
-      this.reviewMessage ?? (this.hasUnansweredQuestions() ? UNANSWERED_WARNING : undefined);
+      this.reviewMessage ??
+      (this.hasUnansweredQuestions()
+        ? i18n.t('reverseRpc.question.unansweredWarning')
+        : undefined);
     if (reviewWarning !== undefined) {
       lines.push(warning(`  ${reviewWarning}`));
     }
@@ -575,16 +597,17 @@ export class QuestionDialogComponent extends Container implements Focusable {
           renderWidth,
         );
       } else {
-        lines.push(`  ${dim('→')}  ${dim(NOT_ANSWERED_LABEL)}`);
+        lines.push(`  ${dim('→')}  ${dim(i18n.t('reverseRpc.question.notAnswered'))}`);
       }
     }
 
     lines.push('');
-    lines.push(text(` ${SUBMIT_PROMPT}`));
+    lines.push(text(` ${i18n.t('reverseRpc.question.submitPrompt')}`));
     lines.push('');
 
-    for (let i = 0; i < SUBMIT_ACTIONS.length; i++) {
-      const label = SUBMIT_ACTIONS[i];
+    const actionLabels = submitActionLabels();
+    for (let i = 0; i < actionLabels.length; i++) {
+      const label = actionLabels[i];
       if (label === undefined) continue;
       const num = i + 1;
       if (i === this.submitActionIdx) {
@@ -619,7 +642,7 @@ export class QuestionDialogComponent extends Container implements Focusable {
       else tabs.push(dim(`(○) ${label}`));
     }
 
-    const submitLabel = 'Submit';
+    const submitLabel = i18n.t('reverseRpc.question.submit');
     if (this.isSubmitTab()) tabs.push(active(` ${submitLabel} `));
     else tabs.push(dim(` ${submitLabel} `));
 
@@ -629,10 +652,10 @@ export class QuestionDialogComponent extends Container implements Focusable {
   private buildQuestionHint(dim: (s: string) => string, questionIdx: number): string {
     if (this.isEditingOther()) {
       const parts: string[] = [
-        'type answer',
-        '↵ save',
-        ...(this.totalTabs() > 1 ? ['tab switch'] : []),
-        'esc cancel',
+        i18n.t('reverseRpc.question.hint.typeAnswer'),
+        i18n.t('reverseRpc.question.hint.save'),
+        ...(this.totalTabs() > 1 ? [i18n.t('reverseRpc.question.hint.tabSwitch')] : []),
+        i18n.t('reverseRpc.question.hint.escCancel'),
       ];
       return dim(`  ${parts.join('  ')}`);
     }
@@ -640,21 +663,28 @@ export class QuestionDialogComponent extends Container implements Focusable {
     const optionCount = Math.min(this.displayOptions(questionIdx).length, NUMBER_KEYS.length);
     const numberHint = optionCount <= 1 ? '1' : `1-${String(optionCount)}`;
     const question = this.request.data.questions[questionIdx];
-    if (question === undefined) return dim('  esc cancel');
+    if (question === undefined) return dim(`  ${i18n.t('reverseRpc.question.hint.escCancel')}`);
 
+    const chooseWord = question.multi_select
+      ? i18n.t('reverseRpc.question.hint.toggle')
+      : i18n.t('reverseRpc.question.hint.choose');
     const parts: string[] = [
-      '↑↓ select',
-      `${numberHint} / ↵ ${question.multi_select ? 'toggle' : 'choose'}`,
+      i18n.t('reverseRpc.question.hint.select'),
+      `${numberHint} / ↵ ${chooseWord}`,
     ];
-    if (this.totalTabs() > 1) parts.push('←/→/tab switch');
-    parts.push('esc cancel');
+    if (this.totalTabs() > 1) parts.push(i18n.t('reverseRpc.question.hint.tabSwitchArrows'));
+    parts.push(i18n.t('reverseRpc.question.hint.escCancel'));
     return dim(`  ${parts.join('  ')}`);
   }
 
   private buildSubmitHint(dim: (s: string) => string): string {
-    const parts: string[] = ['↑↓ select', '1/2 choose', '↵ confirm'];
-    if (this.totalTabs() > 1) parts.push('←/→/tab switch');
-    parts.push('esc cancel');
+    const parts: string[] = [
+      i18n.t('reverseRpc.question.hint.select'),
+      i18n.t('reverseRpc.question.hint.submitChoose'),
+      i18n.t('reverseRpc.question.hint.confirm'),
+    ];
+    if (this.totalTabs() > 1) parts.push(i18n.t('reverseRpc.question.hint.tabSwitchArrows'));
+    parts.push(i18n.t('reverseRpc.question.hint.escCancel'));
     return dim(`  ${parts.join('  ')}`);
   }
 
@@ -704,7 +734,9 @@ export class QuestionDialogComponent extends Container implements Focusable {
         kind: 'preset' as const,
       })),
       {
-        label: question.other_label?.length ? question.other_label : DEFAULT_OTHER_LABEL,
+        label: question.other_label?.length
+          ? question.other_label
+          : i18n.t('reverseRpc.question.other'),
         description: question.other_description?.length ? question.other_description : undefined,
         kind: 'other' as const,
       },
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/session-picker.ts b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/session-picker.ts
index bb5ec512f..ea1aef4b6 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/session-picker.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/session-picker.ts
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import {
 } from '@earendil-works/pi-tui';
 import { formatSessionLabel } from '#/migration/index';
 import { CURRENT_MARK, SELECT_POINTER } from '#/tui/constant/symbols';
+import { i18n } from '#/tui/i18n';
 import { currentTheme } from '#/tui/theme';
 import { SearchableList } from '#/tui/utils/searchable-list';
 
@@ -224,7 +225,7 @@ export class SessionPickerComponent extends Container implements Focusable {
     }
 
     if (this.sessions.length === 0) {
-      const hintParts = [scopeHint, 'Esc cancel'].filter(
+      const hintParts = [scopeHint, i18n.t('common.hints.cancel')].filter(
         (item): item is string => item !== undefined,
       );
       lines.push(currentTheme.boldFg('primary', truncateToWidth(title, width, ELLIPSIS)));
@@ -243,11 +244,11 @@ export class SessionPickerComponent extends Container implements Focusable {
     const titleSuffix =
       view.query.length === 0 ? currentTheme.fg('textMuted', '  (type to search)') : '';
     const hintParts = [
-      ...(view.query.length > 0 ? ['Backspace clear'] : []),
-      '↑↓ navigate',
+      ...(view.query.length > 0 ? [i18n.t('common.hints.clearSearch')] : []),
+      i18n.t('common.hints.navigate'),
       scopeHint,
-      'Enter select',
-      'Esc cancel',
+      i18n.t('common.hints.select'),
+      i18n.t('common.hints.cancel'),
     ].filter((item): item is string => item !== undefined);
 
     lines.push(currentTheme.boldFg('primary', title) + titleSuffix);
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/settings-selector.ts b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/settings-selector.ts
index 81e4b8d12..60544ccc7 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/settings-selector.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/settings-selector.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { ChoicePickerComponent, type ChoiceOption } from './choice-picker';
 export type SettingsSelection =
   | 'model'
   | 'theme'
+  | 'language'
   | 'editor'
   | 'permission'
   | 'experiments'
@@ -25,6 +26,11 @@ const SETTINGS_OPTIONS: readonly ChoiceOption[] = [
     label: 'Theme',
     description: 'Change the terminal UI theme.',
   },
+  {
+    value: 'language',
+    label: 'Language',
+    description: 'Choose the interface language (Auto / English / 简体中文).',
+  },
   {
     value: 'editor',
     label: 'Editor',
@@ -51,6 +57,7 @@ function isSettingsSelection(value: string): value is SettingsSelection {
   return (
     value === 'model' ||
     value === 'theme' ||
+    value === 'language' ||
     value === 'editor' ||
     value === 'permission' ||
     value === 'experiments' ||
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/undo-selector.ts b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/undo-selector.ts
index 77d82ccdd..cf1bdc784 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/undo-selector.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/dialogs/undo-selector.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import {
 } from '@earendil-works/pi-tui';
 
 import { SELECT_POINTER } from '#/tui/constant/symbols';
+import { i18n } from '#/tui/i18n';
 import { currentTheme } from '#/tui/theme';
 import { SearchableList } from '#/tui/utils/searchable-list';
 
@@ -66,7 +67,11 @@ export class UndoSelectorComponent extends Container implements Focusable {
 
   override render(width: number): string[] {
     const view = this.list.view();
-    const hintParts = ['↑↓ navigate', 'Enter select', 'Esc cancel'];
+    const hintParts = [
+      i18n.t('common.hints.navigate'),
+      i18n.t('common.hints.select'),
+      i18n.t('common.hints.cancel'),
+    ];
 
     const lines: string[] = [
       currentTheme.fg('primary', '─'.repeat(width)),
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/messages/field-column.ts b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/messages/field-column.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a374536b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/messages/field-column.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/**
+ * Display-width-aware padding for the aligned label columns shared by the
+ * `/usage` and `/status` panels.
+ *
+ * `String.padEnd` pads by code-point count, which misaligns columns once a
+ * value contains double-width characters (CJK labels render two cells wide but
+ * count as one code point). Padding by *visible* width keeps the value column
+ * aligned regardless of locale.
+ */
+
+import { visibleWidth } from '@earendil-works/pi-tui';
+
+/** Pad `text` with trailing spaces until it occupies `width` display columns. */
+export function padEndToWidth(text: string, width: number): string {
+  const pad = Math.max(0, width - visibleWidth(text));
+  return text + ' '.repeat(pad);
+}
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/messages/status-panel.ts b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/messages/status-panel.ts
index 9007b8f97..9242a0904 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/messages/status-panel.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/messages/status-panel.ts
@@ -5,9 +5,11 @@
  * separate from the TUI orchestration layer.
  */
 
+import { visibleWidth } from '@earendil-works/pi-tui';
 import type { ModelAlias, PermissionMode, SessionStatus } from '@moonshot-ai/kimi-code-sdk';
 
 import { PRODUCT_NAME } from '#/constant/app';
+import { i18n } from '#/tui/i18n';
 import { currentTheme } from '#/tui/theme';
 import {
   formatTokenCount,
@@ -16,6 +18,7 @@ import {
   safeUsageRatio,
 } from '#/utils/usage/usage-format';
 
+import { padEndToWidth } from './field-column';
 import { buildManagedUsageReportLines, type ManagedUsageReport } from './usage-panel';
 
 interface FieldRow {
@@ -52,12 +55,12 @@ function displayModelName(alias: string, models: Record<string, ModelAlias>): st
 
 function formatModelStatus(options: StatusReportOptions): string {
   const model = options.status?.model ?? options.model;
-  if (model.trim().length === 0) return 'not set';
+  if (model.trim().length === 0) return i18n.t('components.status.values.notSet');
 
-  const thinking = (options.status?.thinkingLevel ?? (options.thinking ? 'on' : 'off')) === 'off'
-    ? 'off'
-    : 'on';
-  return `${displayModelName(model, options.availableModels)} (thinking ${thinking})`;
+  const thinkingOn = (options.status?.thinkingLevel ?? (options.thinking ? 'on' : 'off')) !== 'off';
+  const thinkingLabel = i18n.t('components.status.values.thinking');
+  const thinkingState = i18n.t(`components.status.values.${thinkingOn ? 'on' : 'off'}`);
+  return `${displayModelName(model, options.availableModels)} (${thinkingLabel} ${thinkingState})`;
 }
 
 function addFieldRows(
@@ -67,10 +70,10 @@ function addFieldRows(
   value: Colorize,
   errorStyle: Colorize,
 ): void {
-  const labelWidth = Math.max(10, ...rows.map((row) => row.label.length));
+  const labelWidth = Math.max(10, ...rows.map((row) => visibleWidth(row.label)));
   for (const row of rows) {
     const colorize = row.severity === 'error' ? errorStyle : value;
-    lines.push(`  ${muted(row.label.padEnd(labelWidth, ' '))}  ${colorize(row.value)}`);
+    lines.push(`  ${muted(padEndToWidth(row.label, labelWidth))}  ${colorize(row.value)}`);
   }
 }
 
@@ -94,20 +97,31 @@ export function buildStatusReportLines(options: StatusReportOptions): string[] {
   const severityToken = (sev: 'ok' | 'warn' | 'danger'): 'error' | 'warning' | 'success' =>
     sev === 'danger' ? 'error' : sev === 'warn' ? 'warning' : 'success';
 
+  const onOff = (flag: boolean): string =>
+    i18n.t(`components.status.values.${flag ? 'on' : 'off'}`);
   const permission = options.status?.permission ?? options.permissionMode;
   const planMode = options.status?.planMode ?? options.planMode;
-  const sessionId = options.sessionId.trim().length > 0 ? options.sessionId : 'none';
+  const sessionId =
+    options.sessionId.trim().length > 0
+      ? options.sessionId
+      : i18n.t('components.status.values.none');
   const rows: FieldRow[] = [
-    { label: 'Model', value: formatModelStatus(options) },
-    { label: 'Directory', value: options.workDir },
-    { label: 'Permissions', value: permission },
-    { label: 'Plan mode', value: planMode ? 'on' : 'off' },
-    { label: 'Session', value: sessionId },
+    { label: i18n.t('components.status.fields.model'), value: formatModelStatus(options) },
+    { label: i18n.t('components.status.fields.directory'), value: options.workDir },
+    { label: i18n.t('components.status.fields.permissions'), value: permission },
+    { label: i18n.t('components.status.fields.planMode'), value: onOff(planMode) },
+    { label: i18n.t('components.status.fields.session'), value: sessionId },
   ];
   const title = options.sessionTitle?.trim();
-  if (title !== undefined && title.length > 0) rows.push({ label: 'Title', value: title });
+  if (title !== undefined && title.length > 0) {
+    rows.push({ label: i18n.t('components.status.fields.title'), value: title });
+  }
   if (options.statusError !== undefined) {
-    rows.push({ label: 'Warning', value: options.statusError, severity: 'error' });
+    rows.push({
+      label: i18n.t('components.status.fields.warning'),
+      value: options.statusError,
+      severity: 'error',
+    });
   }
 
   const lines: string[] = [
@@ -118,7 +132,7 @@ export function buildStatusReportLines(options: StatusReportOptions): string[] {
 
   const { ratio, tokens, maxTokens } = contextValues(options);
   lines.push('');
-  lines.push(accent('Context window'));
+  lines.push(accent(i18n.t('components.usage.contextWindow')));
   if (maxTokens > 0) {
     const safeRatio = safeUsageRatio(ratio);
     const bar = renderProgressBar(safeRatio, 20);
@@ -128,7 +142,7 @@ export function buildStatusReportLines(options: StatusReportOptions): string[] {
         muted(`(${formatTokenCount(tokens)} / ${formatTokenCount(maxTokens)})`),
     );
   } else {
-    lines.push(`  ${muted('No context window data available.')}`);
+    lines.push(`  ${muted(i18n.t('components.status.noContextData'))}`);
   }
 
   const managedSection = buildManagedUsageReportLines({
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/messages/usage-panel.ts b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/messages/usage-panel.ts
index 1eeba55e2..7e2bbdb80 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/messages/usage-panel.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/components/messages/usage-panel.ts
@@ -14,8 +14,10 @@ import {
   renderProgressBar,
   safeUsageRatio,
 } from '#/utils/usage/usage-format';
+import { i18n } from '#/tui/i18n';
 import { currentTheme } from '#/tui/theme';
 import type { ColorToken } from '#/tui/theme';
+import { padEndToWidth } from './field-column';
 
 const LEFT_MARGIN = 2;
 const SIDE_PADDING = 1;
@@ -73,7 +75,15 @@ function buildSessionUsageSection(
   const byModel = (usage as { readonly byModel?: Record<string, TokenUsage> } | undefined)
     ?.byModel;
   const entries = Object.entries(byModel ?? {});
-  if (entries.length === 0) return [muted('  No token usage recorded yet.')];
+  if (entries.length === 0) return [muted(`  ${i18n.t('components.usage.noTokenUsage')}`)];
+
+  const inputLabel = i18n.t('components.usage.input');
+  const outputLabel = i18n.t('components.usage.output');
+  const totalLabel = i18n.t('components.usage.total');
+  const formatRow = (label: string, input: number, output: number): string =>
+    `  ${muted(label)}  ${inputLabel} ${value(formatTokenCount(input))}  ${outputLabel} ${value(
+      formatTokenCount(output),
+    )}  ${totalLabel} ${value(formatTokenCount(input + output))}`;
 
   const lines: string[] = [];
   let totalInput = 0;
@@ -83,18 +93,10 @@ function buildSessionUsageSection(
     const output = usageNumber(row.output);
     totalInput += input;
     totalOutput += output;
-    lines.push(
-      `  ${muted(model)}  input ${value(formatTokenCount(input))}  output ${value(
-        formatTokenCount(output),
-      )}  total ${value(formatTokenCount(input + output))}`,
-    );
+    lines.push(formatRow(model, input, output));
   }
   if (entries.length > 1) {
-    lines.push(
-      `  ${muted('total')}  input ${value(formatTokenCount(totalInput))}  output ${value(
-        formatTokenCount(totalOutput),
-      )}  total ${value(formatTokenCount(totalInput + totalOutput))}`,
-    );
+    lines.push(formatRow(totalLabel, totalInput, totalOutput));
   }
   return lines;
 }
@@ -107,11 +109,12 @@ function buildManagedUsageSection(
   muted: Colorize,
   errorStyle: Colorize,
 ): string[] {
-  if (error !== undefined) return [accent('Plan usage'), errorStyle(`  ${error}`)];
+  const planUsage = i18n.t('components.usage.planUsage');
+  if (error !== undefined) return [accent(planUsage), errorStyle(`  ${error}`)];
   if (usage === undefined) return [];
   const { summary, limits } = usage;
   if (summary === null && limits.length === 0) {
-    return [accent('Plan usage'), muted('  No usage data available.')];
+    return [accent(planUsage), muted(`  ${i18n.t('components.usage.noUsageData')}`)];
   }
 
   const rows: ManagedUsageRow[] = [];
@@ -119,19 +122,22 @@ function buildManagedUsageSection(
   rows.push(...limits);
   const usedRatio = (r: ManagedUsageRow): number =>
     r.limit > 0 ? Math.max(0, Math.min(r.used / r.limit, 1)) : 0;
-  const labelWidth = Math.max(10, ...rows.map((r) => r.label.length));
-  const pctWidth = Math.max(...rows.map((r) => `${Math.round(usedRatio(r) * 100)}% used`.length));
+  const pctText = (r: ManagedUsageRow): string =>
+    i18n.t('components.usage.percentUsed', { pct: Math.round(usedRatio(r) * 100) });
+  const labelWidth = Math.max(10, ...rows.map((r) => visibleWidth(r.label)));
+  const pctWidth = Math.max(...rows.map((r) => visibleWidth(pctText(r))));
   const severityColor = (sev: 'ok' | 'warn' | 'danger'): 'success' | 'warning' | 'error' =>
     sev === 'danger' ? 'error' : sev === 'warn' ? 'warning' : 'success';
-  const out: string[] = [accent('Plan usage')];
+  const out: string[] = [accent(planUsage)];
   for (const row of rows) {
     const ratioUsed = usedRatio(row);
     const bar = renderProgressBar(ratioUsed, 20);
-    const pct = `${Math.round(ratioUsed * 100)}% used`;
     const barColoured = currentTheme.fg(severityColor(ratioSeverity(ratioUsed)), bar);
-    const label = row.label.padEnd(labelWidth, ' ');
+    const label = padEndToWidth(row.label, labelWidth);
     const resetStr = row.resetHint ? `  ${muted(row.resetHint)}` : '';
-    out.push(`  ${muted(label)}  ${barColoured}  ${value(pct.padEnd(pctWidth, ' '))}${resetStr}`);
+    out.push(
+      `  ${muted(label)}  ${barColoured}  ${value(padEndToWidth(pctText(row), pctWidth))}${resetStr}`,
+    );
   }
   return out;
 }
@@ -161,7 +167,7 @@ export function buildUsageReportLines(options: UsageReportOptions): string[] {
     sev === 'danger' ? 'error' : sev === 'warn' ? 'warning' : 'success';
 
   const lines: string[] = [
-    accent('Session usage'),
+    accent(i18n.t('components.usage.sessionUsage')),
     ...buildSessionUsageSection(
       options.sessionUsage,
       options.sessionUsageError,
@@ -177,7 +183,7 @@ export function buildUsageReportLines(options: UsageReportOptions): string[] {
     const pct = `${(ratio * 100).toFixed(1)}%`;
     const barColoured = currentTheme.fg(severityColor(ratioSeverity(ratio)), bar);
     lines.push('');
-    lines.push(accent('Context window'));
+    lines.push(accent(i18n.t('components.usage.contextWindow')));
     lines.push(
       `  ${barColoured}  ${value(pct.padStart(6, ' '))}  ` +
         muted(
@@ -207,7 +213,7 @@ export class UsagePanelComponent implements Component {
   constructor(
     private readonly buildLines: () => readonly string[],
     private readonly borderToken: ColorToken,
-    private readonly title: string = ' Usage ',
+    private readonly title: string = i18n.t('components.usage.panelTitle'),
   ) {
     this.lines = buildLines();
   }
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/config.ts b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/config.ts
index fdcd8714e..a39dae781 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/config.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/config.ts
@@ -19,6 +19,15 @@ export const INVALID_TUI_CONFIG_MESSAGE =
 
 export const TuiThemeSchema = z.string();
 
+/**
+ * User-facing language preference for the TUI.
+ * `'auto'` resolves a concrete locale from the system environment at startup;
+ * `'en'` / `'zh-CN'` pin the interface to that locale.
+ */
+export const TuiLanguageSchema = z.enum(['auto', 'en', 'zh-CN']);
+
+export type TuiLanguage = z.infer<typeof TuiLanguageSchema>;
+
 export const NotificationConditionSchema = z.enum(['unfocused', 'always']);
 
 export const NotificationsConfigSchema = z.object({
@@ -32,6 +41,7 @@ export const UpgradePreferencesSchema = z.object({
 
 export const TuiConfigFileSchema = z.object({
   theme: TuiThemeSchema.optional(),
+  language: TuiLanguageSchema.optional(),
   editor: z
     .object({
       command: z.string().optional(),
@@ -52,6 +62,7 @@ export const TuiConfigFileSchema = z.object({
 
 export const TuiConfigSchema = z.object({
   theme: TuiThemeSchema,
+  language: TuiLanguageSchema,
   editorCommand: z.string().nullable(),
   notifications: NotificationsConfigSchema,
   upgrade: UpgradePreferencesSchema,
@@ -73,6 +84,7 @@ export const DEFAULT_UPGRADE_PREFERENCES: UpgradePreferences = {
 
 export const DEFAULT_TUI_CONFIG: TuiConfig = TuiConfigSchema.parse({
   theme: 'auto',
+  language: 'auto',
   editorCommand: null,
   notifications: DEFAULT_NOTIFICATIONS_CONFIG,
   upgrade: DEFAULT_UPGRADE_PREFERENCES,
@@ -132,6 +144,7 @@ export function normalizeTuiConfig(config: TuiConfigFileShape): TuiConfig {
   const command = config.editor?.command?.trim();
   return TuiConfigSchema.parse({
     theme: config.theme ?? DEFAULT_TUI_CONFIG.theme,
+    language: config.language ?? DEFAULT_TUI_CONFIG.language,
     editorCommand: command === undefined || command.length === 0 ? null : command,
     notifications: {
       enabled: config.notifications?.enabled ?? DEFAULT_NOTIFICATIONS_CONFIG.enabled,
@@ -150,6 +163,7 @@ export function renderTuiConfig(config: TuiConfig): string {
 # Agent/runtime settings stay in ~/.kimi-code/config.toml.
 
 theme = "${escapeTomlBasicString(config.theme)}" # "auto" | "dark" | "light" | custom theme name
+language = "${config.language}" # "auto" | "en" | "zh-CN"
 
 [editor]
 command = "${escapeTomlBasicString(config.editorCommand ?? '')}" # Empty uses $VISUAL / $EDITOR
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/i18n.ts b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/i18n.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7db08d353
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/i18n.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+/**
+ * I18n class + global singleton.
+ *
+ * Mirrors the `currentTheme` Theme singleton: components import `i18n` and call
+ * `i18n.t('module.submodule.phrase')` at render time. When the user switches
+ * languages we call `i18n.setLocale(locale)` — the same instance stays alive, so
+ * every component picks up the new locale on the next render frame.
+ *
+ * Lookups resolve `module.submodule.phrase` dotted keys against the active
+ * locale, falling back to the default locale (`en`) on a missing key, then to
+ * the raw key itself so a missing translation is visible rather than blank.
+ * `{param}` placeholders are interpolated from the optional params map.
+ */
+
+import { locales } from './locales';
+
+/** A nested tree of translation strings keyed by namespace segment. */
+export interface MessageTree {
+  readonly [segment: string]: string | MessageTree;
+}
+
+export type Locale = 'en' | 'zh-CN';
+
+export type LocaleMessages = Record<string, MessageTree>;
+
+export type TranslateParams = Record<string, string | number>;
+
+const DEFAULT_FALLBACK_LOCALE: Locale = 'en';
+
+export class I18n {
+  private readonly locales: LocaleMessages;
+  private locale: string;
+  private readonly fallbackLocale: string;
+
+  constructor(
+    locales: LocaleMessages,
+    locale: string,
+    fallbackLocale: string = DEFAULT_FALLBACK_LOCALE,
+  ) {
+    this.locales = locales;
+    this.locale = locale;
+    this.fallbackLocale = fallbackLocale;
+  }
+
+  get currentLocale(): string {
+    return this.locale;
+  }
+
+  setLocale(locale: string): void {
+    this.locale = locale;
+  }
+
+  t(key: string, params?: TranslateParams): string {
+    const raw =
+      lookup(this.locales[this.locale], key) ??
+      lookup(this.locales[this.fallbackLocale], key) ??
+      key;
+    return interpolate(raw, params);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Global singleton. Starts on the `en` locale (also the fallback); startup
+ * wiring calls `i18n.setLocale(resolveLocale(config.language))` once the TUI
+ * config is loaded, mirroring `currentTheme.setPalette(...)`.
+ */
+export const i18n = new I18n(locales, DEFAULT_FALLBACK_LOCALE);
+
+function lookup(tree: MessageTree | undefined, key: string): string | undefined {
+  if (tree === undefined) return undefined;
+  let node: string | MessageTree | undefined = tree;
+  for (const segment of key.split('.')) {
+    if (typeof node !== 'object') return undefined;
+    node = node[segment];
+  }
+  return typeof node === 'string' ? node : undefined;
+}
+
+function interpolate(template: string, params?: TranslateParams): string {
+  if (params === undefined) return template;
+  return template.replaceAll(/\{(\w+)\}/g, (match, name: string) => {
+    const value = params[name];
+    return value === undefined ? match : String(value);
+  });
+}
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/index.ts b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3b0b87cf2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/**
+ * I18n system public API.
+ */
+
+export { I18n, i18n } from './i18n';
+export type { Locale, LocaleMessages, MessageTree, TranslateParams } from './i18n';
+export { resolveLocale } from './resolve';
+export type { LocaleEnv } from './resolve';
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/locales/en/cli.ts b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/locales/en/cli.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..631c2e4a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/locales/en/cli.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/**
+ * English translations for CLI-facing notices.
+ *
+ * The `cli` namespace carries the highest-value command-line messages that may
+ * render before the TUI mounts — currently the `tui.toml` config-parse notice.
+ * Keep `cli.config.invalidTuiConfig` in sync with `INVALID_TUI_CONFIG_MESSAGE`
+ * in `#/tui/config`; that constant stays the English source used for logs and
+ * issue triage, while this entry is what the user sees in the active locale.
+ */
+
+import type { MessageTree } from '../../i18n';
+
+export const cli: MessageTree = {
+  config: {
+    invalidTuiConfig: 'Invalid TUI config in ~/.kimi-code/tui.toml; using defaults.',
+  },
+};
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/locales/en/commands.ts b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/locales/en/commands.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..445573b68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/locales/en/commands.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/**
+ * English translations for slash commands.
+ *
+ * `commands.descriptions.<name>` holds the palette/autocomplete description for
+ * each builtin command; `commands.args.<command>.<sub>` holds argument-
+ * autocomplete descriptions; `commands.help.*` holds the `/help` panel chrome.
+ * Command names / identifiers themselves are never translated — only the
+ * human-readable text lives here. Keep keys stable: they are the
+ * contributor-facing contract shared with every locale.
+ */
+
+import type { MessageTree } from '../../i18n';
+
+export const commands: MessageTree = {
+  descriptions: {
+    yolo: 'Toggle auto-approve mode',
+    auto: 'Toggle auto permission mode',
+    permission: 'Select permission mode',
+    settings: 'Open TUI settings',
+    plan: 'Toggle plan mode',
+    swarm: 'Toggle swarm mode or run one task in swarm mode',
+    model: 'Switch LLM model',
+    provider: 'Manage AI providers (add / delete / refresh)',
+    btw: 'Ask a forked side agent a question',
+    help: 'Show available commands and shortcuts',
+    new: 'Start a fresh session in the current workspace',
+    sessions: 'Browse and resume sessions',
+    tasks: 'Browse background tasks',
+    mcp: 'Show MCP server status',
+    plugins: 'Manage plugins',
+    experiments: 'Manage experimental features',
+    reload: 'Reload session and apply config.toml settings plus tui.toml UI preferences',
+    'reload-tui': 'Reload only tui.toml UI preferences',
+    compact: 'Compact the conversation context',
+    goal: 'Start or manage an autonomous goal',
+    init: 'Analyze the codebase and generate AGENTS.md',
+    fork: 'Fork the current session',
+    title: 'Set or show session title',
+    usage: 'Show session tokens + context window + plan quotas',
+    status: 'Show current session and runtime status',
+    feedback: 'Send feedback to make Kimi Code better',
+    undo: 'Withdraw the last prompt from the transcript',
+    editor: 'Set the external editor for Ctrl-G',
+    theme: 'Set the terminal UI theme',
+    logout: 'Log out of a configured provider',
+    login: 'Select a platform and authenticate',
+    'export-md': 'Export current session as a Markdown file',
+    'export-debug-zip': 'Export current session as a debug ZIP archive',
+    web: 'Open the current session in the Web UI and exit the terminal',
+    exit: 'Exit the application',
+    version: 'Show version information',
+  },
+  args: {
+    goal: {
+      status: 'Show the current goal',
+      pause: 'Pause the active goal',
+      resume: 'Resume a paused goal',
+      cancel: 'Cancel and remove the current goal',
+      replace: 'Replace the current goal with a new objective',
+      next: 'Queue an upcoming goal',
+      manage: 'Manage upcoming goals',
+    },
+    swarm: {
+      on: 'Turn swarm mode on',
+      off: 'Turn swarm mode off',
+    },
+  },
+  help: {
+    title: 'help',
+    dismiss: '· Esc / Enter / q to cancel · ↑↓ scroll',
+    showing: 'showing {start}-{end} of {total}',
+    greeting: 'Sure, Kimi is ready to help! Just send a message to get started.',
+    keyboardShortcuts: 'Keyboard shortcuts',
+    slashCommands: 'Slash commands',
+    shortcuts: {
+      planMode: 'Toggle plan mode',
+      externalEditor: 'Edit in external editor ($VISUAL / $EDITOR)',
+      toolOutput: 'Toggle tool output expansion',
+      steer: 'Steer — inject a follow-up during streaming',
+      newline: 'Insert newline',
+      interrupt: 'Interrupt stream / clear input',
+      exit: 'Exit (on empty input)',
+      closeDialogs: 'Close dialogs / interrupt streaming',
+      history: 'Browse input history',
+      submit: 'Submit',
+    },
+  },
+};
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/locales/en/common.ts b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/locales/en/common.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3c11aa094
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/locales/en/common.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/**
+ * English translations for short phrases shared across components.
+ *
+ * The `common` namespace holds the generic dialog-control vocabulary
+ * (`common.submit` / `cancel` / `back`) plus the keyboard-hint phrases
+ * (`common.hints.*`) that recur in list-style dialog footers. Keeping them
+ * here means a shared phrase is translated once and reused everywhere, rather
+ * than duplicated per component. Keep keys stable — they are the
+ * contributor-facing contract shared with every locale.
+ */
+
+import type { MessageTree } from '../../i18n';
+
+export const common: MessageTree = {
+  submit: 'Submit',
+  cancel: 'Cancel',
+  back: 'Back',
+  hints: {
+    navigate: '↑↓ navigate',
+    select: 'Enter select',
+    cancel: 'Esc cancel',
+    clearSearch: 'Backspace clear',
+  },
+};
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/locales/en/components.ts b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/locales/en/components.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eadeeed51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/locales/en/components.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/**
+ * English translations for UI components.
+ *
+ * One namespace object per component module. Keys follow the
+ * `components.<component>.<phrase>` convention used by `i18n.t(...)`. Keep keys
+ * stable — they are the contributor-facing contract shared with every locale.
+ */
+
+import type { MessageTree } from '../../i18n';
+
+export const components: MessageTree = {
+  welcome: {
+    title: 'Welcome to Kimi Code!',
+    getStarted: 'Run /login or /provider to get started.',
+    helpHint: 'Send /help for help information.',
+    modelNotSet: 'not set, run /login or /provider',
+    labels: {
+      directory: 'Directory',
+      session: 'Session',
+      model: 'Model',
+      version: 'Version',
+      mcp: 'MCP',
+    },
+  },
+  footer: {
+    context: 'context',
+    thinking: 'thinking',
+    taskRunning: '{count} task running',
+    tasksRunning: '{count} tasks running',
+    agentRunning: '{count} agent running',
+    agentsRunning: '{count} agents running',
+  },
+  usage: {
+    panelTitle: ' Usage ',
+    sessionUsage: 'Session usage',
+    noTokenUsage: 'No token usage recorded yet.',
+    input: 'input',
+    output: 'output',
+    total: 'total',
+    contextWindow: 'Context window',
+    planUsage: 'Plan usage',
+    noUsageData: 'No usage data available.',
+    percentUsed: '{pct}% used',
+  },
+  status: {
+    panelTitle: ' Status ',
+    noContextData: 'No context window data available.',
+    fields: {
+      model: 'Model',
+      directory: 'Directory',
+      permissions: 'Permissions',
+      planMode: 'Plan mode',
+      session: 'Session',
+      title: 'Title',
+      warning: 'Warning',
+    },
+    values: {
+      notSet: 'not set',
+      none: 'none',
+      on: 'on',
+      off: 'off',
+      thinking: 'thinking',
+    },
+  },
+};
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/locales/en/index.ts b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/locales/en/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..463f01ad8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/locales/en/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/**
+ * English language pack.
+ *
+ * Merges the per-module namespace files into a single message tree for the
+ * `en` locale.
+ */
+
+import type { MessageTree } from '../../i18n';
+
+import { cli } from './cli';
+import { commands } from './commands';
+import { common } from './common';
+import { components } from './components';
+import { reverseRpc } from './reverse-rpc';
+
+export const en: MessageTree = {
+  cli,
+  commands,
+  common,
+  components,
+  reverseRpc,
+};
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/locales/en/reverse-rpc.ts b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/locales/en/reverse-rpc.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..60e389b83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/locales/en/reverse-rpc.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+/**
+ * English translations for the reverse-RPC approval & question panels.
+ *
+ * Keys follow the `reverseRpc.<panel>.<phrase>` convention used by
+ * `i18n.t(...)`. Keyboard symbols (↑/↓, ↵, ←/→) and numeric shortcuts stay in
+ * code — only the words around them live here.
+ */
+
+import type { MessageTree } from '../../i18n';
+
+export const reverseRpc: MessageTree = {
+  approval: {
+    header: {
+      bash: 'Run this command?',
+      write: 'Write this file?',
+      edit: 'Apply these edits?',
+      taskStop: 'Stop this task?',
+      exitPlanMode: 'Ready to build with this plan?',
+      default: 'Approve {tool}?',
+    },
+    choice: {
+      approveOnce: 'Approve once',
+      approveSession: 'Approve for this session',
+      reject: 'Reject',
+      rejectWithFeedback: 'Reject with feedback',
+      approve: 'Approve',
+      revise: 'Revise',
+    },
+    danger: {
+      recursiveDelete: 'recursive delete',
+      sudo: 'sudo',
+      pipeToShell: 'pipe to shell',
+      ddWrite: 'dd write',
+      mkfs: 'mkfs',
+      rawDevice: 'write to raw device',
+      chmod777: 'chmod 777',
+      forkBomb: 'fork bomb',
+    },
+    dangerousPrefix: 'Dangerous: {label}',
+    cwd: 'cwd: {path}',
+    scope: 'scope: {scope}',
+    moreLineHidden: '… {count} more line hidden (ctrl+e to preview)',
+    moreLinesHidden: '… {count} more lines hidden (ctrl+e to preview)',
+    hint: {
+      select: 'select',
+      choose: 'choose',
+      confirm: 'confirm',
+      preview: 'ctrl+e preview',
+      feedback: 'Type feedback · ↵ submit.',
+    },
+  },
+  question: {
+    heading: 'question',
+    other: 'Other',
+    notAnswered: 'Not answered',
+    reviewTitle: 'Review your answer before submit',
+    submitPrompt: 'Ready to submit your answers?',
+    unansweredWarning: 'Some questions are still unanswered.',
+    submit: 'Submit',
+    cancel: 'Cancel',
+    otherInputHint: 'Type your answer, then press Enter to save.',
+    showing: 'showing {start}-{end} of {total}',
+    moreLines: '... {count} more lines',
+    hint: {
+      typeAnswer: 'type answer',
+      save: '↵ save',
+      tabSwitch: 'tab switch',
+      escCancel: 'esc cancel',
+      select: '↑↓ select',
+      toggle: 'toggle',
+      choose: 'choose',
+      tabSwitchArrows: '←/→/tab switch',
+      submitChoose: '1/2 choose',
+      confirm: '↵ confirm',
+    },
+  },
+  preview: {
+    title: 'Preview',
+    hint: {
+      line: 'line',
+      page: 'page',
+      topBot: 'top/bot',
+      cancel: 'cancel',
+    },
+  },
+};
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/locales/index.ts b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/locales/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..802c0d328
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/locales/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+/**
+ * Bundled language packs keyed by locale.
+ */
+
+import type { LocaleMessages } from '../i18n';
+
+import { en } from './en';
+import { zhCN } from './zh-CN';
+
+export const locales: LocaleMessages = {
+  en,
+  'zh-CN': zhCN,
+};
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/locales/zh-CN/cli.ts b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/locales/zh-CN/cli.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5887eb241
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/locales/zh-CN/cli.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+/**
+ * Simplified Chinese translations for CLI-facing notices.
+ *
+ * Mirrors the namespace structure and keys of `locales/en/cli.ts`. The file
+ * path stays in code; only the surrounding notice is translated.
+ */
+
+import type { MessageTree } from '../../i18n';
+
+export const cli: MessageTree = {
+  config: {
+    invalidTuiConfig: '~/.kimi-code/tui.toml 中的 TUI 配置无效，已使用默认值。',
+  },
+};
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/locales/zh-CN/commands.ts b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/locales/zh-CN/commands.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ade9133c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/locales/zh-CN/commands.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+/**
+ * Simplified Chinese translations for slash commands.
+ *
+ * Mirrors the `en` `commands` namespace key-for-key. Command names /
+ * identifiers stay untranslated — only human-readable text is localized.
+ */
+
+import type { MessageTree } from '../../i18n';
+
+export const commands: MessageTree = {
+  descriptions: {
+    yolo: '切换自动批准模式',
+    auto: '切换自动权限模式',
+    permission: '选择权限模式',
+    settings: '打开 TUI 设置',
+    plan: '切换计划模式',
+    swarm: '切换蜂群模式，或在蜂群模式下运行单个任务',
+    model: '切换 LLM 模型',
+    provider: '管理 AI 提供方（添加 / 删除 / 刷新）',
+    btw: '向分叉的旁路智能体提问',
+    help: '显示可用命令和快捷键',
+    new: '在当前工作区开启全新会话',
+    sessions: '浏览并恢复会话',
+    tasks: '浏览后台任务',
+    mcp: '显示 MCP 服务器状态',
+    plugins: '管理插件',
+    experiments: '管理实验性功能',
+    reload: '重新加载会话，并应用 config.toml 设置及 tui.toml 界面偏好',
+    'reload-tui': '仅重新加载 tui.toml 界面偏好',
+    compact: '压缩对话上下文',
+    goal: '启动或管理自主目标',
+    init: '分析代码库并生成 AGENTS.md',
+    fork: '分叉当前会话',
+    title: '设置或显示会话标题',
+    usage: '显示会话令牌 + 上下文窗口 + 套餐配额',
+    status: '显示当前会话和运行时状态',
+    feedback: '发送反馈以改进 Kimi Code',
+    undo: '从记录中撤回上一条提示',
+    editor: '设置 Ctrl-G 使用的外部编辑器',
+    theme: '设置终端界面主题',
+    logout: '登出已配置的提供方',
+    login: '选择平台并进行认证',
+    'export-md': '将当前会话导出为 Markdown 文件',
+    'export-debug-zip': '将当前会话导出为调试 ZIP 压缩包',
+    web: '在 Web UI 中打开当前会话并退出终端',
+    exit: '退出应用程序',
+    version: '显示版本信息',
+  },
+  args: {
+    goal: {
+      status: '显示当前目标',
+      pause: '暂停当前目标',
+      resume: '恢复已暂停的目标',
+      cancel: '取消并移除当前目标',
+      replace: '用新目标替换当前目标',
+      next: '排入后续目标',
+      manage: '管理后续目标',
+    },
+    swarm: {
+      on: '开启蜂群模式',
+      off: '关闭蜂群模式',
+    },
+  },
+  help: {
+    title: '帮助',
+    dismiss: '· Esc / Enter / q 取消 · ↑↓ 滚动',
+    showing: '显示第 {start}-{end} 项，共 {total} 项',
+    greeting: 'Kimi 已就绪，随时为你效劳！发送消息即可开始。',
+    keyboardShortcuts: '键盘快捷键',
+    slashCommands: '斜杠命令',
+    shortcuts: {
+      planMode: '切换计划模式',
+      externalEditor: '在外部编辑器中编辑（$VISUAL / $EDITOR）',
+      toolOutput: '切换工具输出展开',
+      steer: '引导 — 在流式输出时插入后续消息',
+      newline: '插入换行',
+      interrupt: '中断流式输出 / 清空输入',
+      exit: '退出（输入为空时）',
+      closeDialogs: '关闭对话框 / 中断流式输出',
+      history: '浏览输入历史',
+      submit: '提交',
+    },
+  },
+};
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/locales/zh-CN/common.ts b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/locales/zh-CN/common.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..897dab200
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/locales/zh-CN/common.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/**
+ * Simplified Chinese translations for shared short phrases.
+ *
+ * Mirrors the namespace structure and keys of `locales/en/common.ts`. Keyboard
+ * tokens (↑↓ / Enter / Esc / Backspace) stay in code; only the surrounding
+ * action words are translated.
+ */
+
+import type { MessageTree } from '../../i18n';
+
+export const common: MessageTree = {
+  submit: '提交',
+  cancel: '取消',
+  back: '返回',
+  hints: {
+    navigate: '↑↓ 导航',
+    select: 'Enter 选择',
+    cancel: 'Esc 取消',
+    clearSearch: 'Backspace 清除',
+  },
+};
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/locales/zh-CN/components.ts b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/locales/zh-CN/components.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..891d1d4e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/locales/zh-CN/components.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/**
+ * Simplified Chinese translations for UI components.
+ *
+ * Mirrors the namespace structure and keys of `locales/en/components.ts`.
+ */
+
+import type { MessageTree } from '../../i18n';
+
+export const components: MessageTree = {
+  welcome: {
+    title: '欢迎使用 Kimi Code！',
+    getStarted: '运行 /login 或 /provider 开始使用。',
+    helpHint: '发送 /help 获取帮助信息。',
+    modelNotSet: '未设置，运行 /login 或 /provider',
+    labels: {
+      directory: '目录',
+      session: '会话',
+      model: '模型',
+      version: '版本',
+      mcp: 'MCP',
+    },
+  },
+  footer: {
+    context: '上下文',
+    thinking: '思考模式',
+    taskRunning: '{count} 个后台任务运行中',
+    tasksRunning: '{count} 个后台任务运行中',
+    agentRunning: '{count} 个后台子代理运行中',
+    agentsRunning: '{count} 个后台子代理运行中',
+  },
+  usage: {
+    panelTitle: ' 用量 ',
+    sessionUsage: '会话用量',
+    noTokenUsage: '尚未记录令牌用量。',
+    input: '输入',
+    output: '输出',
+    total: '合计',
+    contextWindow: '上下文窗口',
+    planUsage: '套餐用量',
+    noUsageData: '暂无用量数据。',
+    percentUsed: '已用 {pct}%',
+  },
+  status: {
+    panelTitle: ' 状态 ',
+    noContextData: '暂无上下文窗口数据。',
+    fields: {
+      model: '模型',
+      directory: '目录',
+      permissions: '权限',
+      planMode: '计划模式',
+      session: '会话',
+      title: '标题',
+      warning: '警告',
+    },
+    values: {
+      notSet: '未设置',
+      none: '无',
+      on: '开',
+      off: '关',
+      thinking: '思考',
+    },
+  },
+};
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/locales/zh-CN/index.ts b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/locales/zh-CN/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5ae7c26fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/locales/zh-CN/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/**
+ * Simplified Chinese language pack.
+ *
+ * Merges the per-module namespace files into a single message tree for the
+ * `zh-CN` locale.
+ */
+
+import type { MessageTree } from '../../i18n';
+
+import { cli } from './cli';
+import { commands } from './commands';
+import { common } from './common';
+import { components } from './components';
+import { reverseRpc } from './reverse-rpc';
+
+export const zhCN: MessageTree = {
+  cli,
+  commands,
+  common,
+  components,
+  reverseRpc,
+};
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/locales/zh-CN/reverse-rpc.ts b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/locales/zh-CN/reverse-rpc.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..64c273ebd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/locales/zh-CN/reverse-rpc.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+/**
+ * Simplified Chinese translations for the reverse-RPC approval & question
+ * panels.
+ *
+ * Mirrors the namespace structure and keys of `locales/en/reverse-rpc.ts`.
+ */
+
+import type { MessageTree } from '../../i18n';
+
+export const reverseRpc: MessageTree = {
+  approval: {
+    header: {
+      bash: '运行此命令？',
+      write: '写入此文件？',
+      edit: '应用这些修改？',
+      taskStop: '停止此任务？',
+      exitPlanMode: '准备好按此计划开始了吗？',
+      default: '批准 {tool}？',
+    },
+    choice: {
+      approveOnce: '批准一次',
+      approveSession: '本次会话内批准',
+      reject: '拒绝',
+      rejectWithFeedback: '拒绝并反馈',
+      approve: '批准',
+      revise: '修订',
+    },
+    danger: {
+      recursiveDelete: '递归删除',
+      sudo: 'sudo',
+      pipeToShell: '管道传给 shell',
+      ddWrite: 'dd 写入',
+      mkfs: '格式化文件系统',
+      rawDevice: '写入裸设备',
+      chmod777: 'chmod 777',
+      forkBomb: 'fork 炸弹',
+    },
+    dangerousPrefix: '危险：{label}',
+    cwd: 'cwd：{path}',
+    scope: '范围：{scope}',
+    moreLineHidden: '… 还有 {count} 行已隐藏（ctrl+e 预览）',
+    moreLinesHidden: '… 还有 {count} 行已隐藏（ctrl+e 预览）',
+    hint: {
+      select: '选择',
+      choose: '选择',
+      confirm: '确认',
+      preview: 'ctrl+e 预览',
+      feedback: '输入反馈 · ↵ 提交。',
+    },
+  },
+  question: {
+    heading: '问题',
+    other: '其他',
+    notAnswered: '未回答',
+    reviewTitle: '提交前请检查你的回答',
+    submitPrompt: '确认提交你的回答？',
+    unansweredWarning: '仍有问题尚未回答。',
+    submit: '提交',
+    cancel: '取消',
+    otherInputHint: '输入你的回答，然后按回车保存。',
+    showing: '显示第 {start}-{end} 项，共 {total} 项',
+    moreLines: '... 还有 {count} 行',
+    hint: {
+      typeAnswer: '输入回答',
+      save: '↵ 保存',
+      tabSwitch: 'tab 切换',
+      escCancel: 'esc 取消',
+      select: '↑↓ 选择',
+      toggle: '切换',
+      choose: '选择',
+      tabSwitchArrows: '←/→/tab 切换',
+      submitChoose: '1/2 选择',
+      confirm: '↵ 确认',
+    },
+  },
+  preview: {
+    title: '预览',
+    hint: {
+      line: '行',
+      page: '翻页',
+      topBot: '顶部/底部',
+      cancel: '取消',
+    },
+  },
+};
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/resolve.ts b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/resolve.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2ba46a49f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/i18n/resolve.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/**
+ * Locale resolution.
+ *
+ * Turns a user `language` preference into a concrete `Locale`. Explicit
+ * preferences (`'en'` / `'zh-CN'`) pass straight through; `'auto'` inspects the
+ * POSIX locale environment variables (`LC_ALL` > `LC_MESSAGES` > `LANG`, matching
+ * standard precedence) against a small known-locale table. Anything unknown —
+ * including the `C` / `POSIX` locales and an empty environment — falls back to
+ * `'en'`.
+ */
+
+import type { TuiLanguage } from '#/tui/config';
+
+import type { Locale } from './i18n';
+
+export type LocaleEnv = Partial<Record<'LC_ALL' | 'LC_MESSAGES' | 'LANG', string>>;
+
+const FALLBACK_LOCALE: Locale = 'en';
+
+export function resolveLocale(
+  language: TuiLanguage,
+  env: LocaleEnv = process.env,
+): Locale {
+  if (language === 'en') return 'en';
+  if (language === 'zh-CN') return 'zh-CN';
+  return detectLocaleFromEnv(env);
+}
+
+function detectLocaleFromEnv(env: LocaleEnv): Locale {
+  // POSIX precedence: LC_ALL overrides LC_MESSAGES overrides LANG. Empty values
+  // are skipped, so an empty LC_ALL still defers to LANG.
+  const raw = [env.LC_ALL, env.LC_MESSAGES, env.LANG]
+    .find((value) => value !== undefined && value.trim().length > 0)
+    ?.trim();
+  if (raw === undefined) return FALLBACK_LOCALE;
+
+  // Normalise `zh_CN.UTF-8` / `zh-CN` / `zh_CN` down to the language+region
+  // stem before matching.
+  const normalized = raw.split('.')[0]!.replace('_', '-').toLowerCase();
+  if (normalized === 'zh-cn' || normalized === 'zh') return 'zh-CN';
+  return FALLBACK_LOCALE;
+}
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/kimi-tui.ts b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/kimi-tui.ts
index 79c818b70..370430d6f 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/kimi-tui.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/kimi-tui.ts
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@ import { quoteShellArg } from '#/utils/shell-quote';
 import { BannerProvider } from './banner/banner-provider';
 import { readBannerDisplayState, writeBannerDisplayState } from './banner/state';
 import {
-  BUILTIN_SLASH_COMMANDS,
   buildSkillSlashCommands,
   isExperimentalFlagEnabled,
+  localizedBuiltinSlashCommands,
   setExperimentalFeatures,
   sortSlashCommands,
   type KimiSlashCommand,
@@ -179,6 +179,7 @@ function createInitialAppState(input: KimiTUIStartupInput): AppState {
     streamingPhase: 'idle',
     streamingStartTime: 0,
     theme: input.tuiConfig.theme,
+    language: input.tuiConfig.language,
     version: input.version,
     editorCommand: input.tuiConfig.editorCommand,
     notifications: input.tuiConfig.notifications,
@@ -311,7 +312,7 @@ export class KimiTUI {
   // =========================================================================
 
   private getSlashCommands(): readonly KimiSlashCommand[] {
-    const builtins = sortSlashCommands(BUILTIN_SLASH_COMMANDS).filter((command) =>
+    const builtins = sortSlashCommands(localizedBuiltinSlashCommands()).filter((command) =>
       isExperimentalFlagEnabled(command.experimentalFlag),
     );
     return [...builtins, ...this.skillCommands];
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/reverse-rpc/approval/adapter.ts b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/reverse-rpc/approval/adapter.ts
index a17e60586..052bcef8c 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/reverse-rpc/approval/adapter.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/reverse-rpc/approval/adapter.ts
@@ -1,19 +1,40 @@
 import type { ApprovalRequest, ApprovalResponse, ToolInputDisplay } from '@moonshot-ai/kimi-code-sdk';
 
+import { i18n } from '#/tui/i18n';
 import type { ApprovalPanelResponse } from '#/tui/components/dialogs/approval-panel';
 import type { ApprovalPanelChoice, ApprovalPanelData, DisplayBlock } from '#/tui/reverse-rpc/types';
 
-const DEFAULT_APPROVAL_CHOICES: ApprovalPanelChoice[] = [
-  { label: 'Approve once', response: 'approved' },
-  { label: 'Approve for this session', response: 'approved_for_session' },
-  { label: 'Reject', response: 'rejected' },
-  { label: 'Reject with feedback', response: 'rejected', requires_feedback: true },
-];
+// Choice labels are resolved at adapt time so a panel built while the active
+// locale is `zh-CN` shows Chinese controls. `selected_label` stays a stable
+// English identifier — it is reported upstream and must not shift with the UI
+// language.
+function defaultApprovalChoices(): ApprovalPanelChoice[] {
+  return [
+    { label: i18n.t('reverseRpc.approval.choice.approveOnce'), response: 'approved' },
+    {
+      label: i18n.t('reverseRpc.approval.choice.approveSession'),
+      response: 'approved_for_session',
+    },
+    { label: i18n.t('reverseRpc.approval.choice.reject'), response: 'rejected' },
+    {
+      label: i18n.t('reverseRpc.approval.choice.rejectWithFeedback'),
+      response: 'rejected',
+      requires_feedback: true,
+    },
+  ];
+}
 
-const PLAN_REJECT_CHOICES: ApprovalPanelChoice[] = [
-  { label: 'Reject', response: 'rejected', selected_label: 'Reject' },
-  { label: 'Revise', response: 'rejected', selected_label: 'Revise', requires_feedback: true },
-];
+function planRejectChoices(): ApprovalPanelChoice[] {
+  return [
+    { label: i18n.t('reverseRpc.approval.choice.reject'), response: 'rejected', selected_label: 'Reject' },
+    {
+      label: i18n.t('reverseRpc.approval.choice.revise'),
+      response: 'rejected',
+      selected_label: 'Revise',
+      requires_feedback: true,
+    },
+  ];
+}
 
 export function adaptApprovalRequest(event: ApprovalRequest): ApprovalPanelData {
   const resolved = resolveDisplay(event.toolName, event.display, event.action);
@@ -208,20 +229,22 @@ function describeApproval(display: ToolInputDisplay, action: string): string {
   }
 }
 
-const DANGER_PATTERNS: Array<{ pattern: RegExp; label: string }> = [
-  { pattern: /\brm\s+(-[a-zA-Z]*[rRfF][a-zA-Z]*|--recursive|--force)/i, label: 'recursive delete' },
-  { pattern: /\bsudo\b/i, label: 'sudo' },
-  { pattern: /\b(curl|wget)\b[^|]*\|\s*(sh|bash|zsh)\b/i, label: 'pipe to shell' },
-  { pattern: /\bdd\b[^|]*\bof=/i, label: 'dd write' },
-  { pattern: /\bmkfs\b/i, label: 'mkfs' },
-  { pattern: />\s*\/dev\/(sd|nvme|disk|hd)/i, label: 'write to raw device' },
-  { pattern: /\bchmod\s+-R?\s*777\b/i, label: 'chmod 777' },
-  { pattern: /:\(\)\s*\{\s*:\|:&\s*\}/i, label: 'fork bomb' },
+// `key` indexes `reverseRpc.approval.danger.*` so the label localizes with the
+// active UI language; the pattern detection itself is language-agnostic.
+const DANGER_PATTERNS: Array<{ pattern: RegExp; key: string }> = [
+  { pattern: /\brm\s+(-[a-zA-Z]*[rRfF][a-zA-Z]*|--recursive|--force)/i, key: 'recursiveDelete' },
+  { pattern: /\bsudo\b/i, key: 'sudo' },
+  { pattern: /\b(curl|wget)\b[^|]*\|\s*(sh|bash|zsh)\b/i, key: 'pipeToShell' },
+  { pattern: /\bdd\b[^|]*\bof=/i, key: 'ddWrite' },
+  { pattern: /\bmkfs\b/i, key: 'mkfs' },
+  { pattern: />\s*\/dev\/(sd|nvme|disk|hd)/i, key: 'rawDevice' },
+  { pattern: /\bchmod\s+-R?\s*777\b/i, key: 'chmod777' },
+  { pattern: /:\(\)\s*\{\s*:\|:&\s*\}/i, key: 'forkBomb' },
 ];
 
 function detectDanger(command: string): string | undefined {
-  for (const { pattern, label } of DANGER_PATTERNS) {
-    if (pattern.test(command)) return label;
+  for (const { pattern, key } of DANGER_PATTERNS) {
+    if (pattern.test(command)) return i18n.t(`reverseRpc.approval.danger.${key}`);
   }
   return undefined;
 }
@@ -336,7 +359,7 @@ function adaptChoices(toolName: string, display: ToolInputDisplay): ApprovalPane
     return adaptPlanReviewChoices(display);
   }
 
-  return DEFAULT_APPROVAL_CHOICES.map((choice) => cloneChoice(choice));
+  return defaultApprovalChoices();
 }
 
 function adaptPlanReviewChoices(display: ToolInputDisplay): ApprovalPanelChoice[] {
@@ -347,10 +370,12 @@ function adaptPlanReviewChoices(display: ToolInputDisplay): ApprovalPanelChoice[
           response: 'approved' as const,
           selected_label: option.label,
         }))
-      : [{ label: 'Approve', response: 'approved' as const, selected_label: 'Approve' }];
-  return [...optionChoices, ...PLAN_REJECT_CHOICES].map((choice) => cloneChoice(choice));
-}
-
-function cloneChoice(choice: ApprovalPanelChoice): ApprovalPanelChoice {
-  return { ...choice };
+      : [
+          {
+            label: i18n.t('reverseRpc.approval.choice.approve'),
+            response: 'approved' as const,
+            selected_label: 'Approve',
+          },
+        ];
+  return [...optionChoices, ...planRejectChoices()];
 }
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/types.ts b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/types.ts
index 6b407f777..377956164 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/types.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/src/tui/types.ts
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import type {
   ToolInputDisplay,
 } from '@moonshot-ai/kimi-code-sdk';
 
-import type { NotificationsConfig, UpgradePreferences } from './config';
+import type { NotificationsConfig, TuiLanguage, UpgradePreferences } from './config';
 import type { PendingApproval, PendingQuestion } from './reverse-rpc/types';
 import type { ColorToken, ThemeName } from './theme';
 
@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ export interface AppState {
   streamingPhase: 'idle' | 'waiting' | 'thinking' | 'composing';
   streamingStartTime: number;
   theme: ThemeName;
+  /** Active language preference; drives the i18n locale for the session. */
+  language: TuiLanguage;
   version: string;
   editorCommand: string | null;
   notifications: NotificationsConfig;
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/test/cli/run-shell.test.ts b/apps/kimi-code/test/cli/run-shell.test.ts
index 158d9edfa..af038ac7d 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/test/cli/run-shell.test.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/test/cli/run-shell.test.ts
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ type CreateKimiDeviceId = typeof createKimiDeviceIdFn;
 const mocks = vi.hoisted(() => {
   type TuiConfigFallback = {
     theme: 'dark' | 'light' | 'auto';
+    language?: 'auto' | 'en' | 'zh-CN';
     editorCommand: string | null;
     notifications: { enabled: boolean; condition: 'unfocused' | 'always' };
   };
@@ -451,6 +452,7 @@ describe('runShell', () => {
     mocks.loadTuiConfig.mockRejectedValue(
       new mocks.TuiConfigParseError({
         theme: 'auto',
+        language: 'en',
         editorCommand: 'vim',
         notifications: { enabled: true, condition: 'always' },
       }),
@@ -485,6 +487,39 @@ describe('runShell', () => {
     });
   });
 
+  it('renders the config parse warning in the configured locale (zh-CN)', async () => {
+    mocks.loadTuiConfig.mockRejectedValue(
+      new mocks.TuiConfigParseError({
+        theme: 'auto',
+        language: 'zh-CN',
+        editorCommand: null,
+        notifications: { enabled: true, condition: 'unfocused' },
+      }),
+    );
+    mocks.detectTerminalTheme.mockResolvedValue('light');
+    mocks.tuiStart.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+
+    await runShell(
+      {
+        session: '',
+        continue: false,
+        yolo: false,
+        auto: false,
+        plan: false,
+        model: undefined,
+        outputFormat: undefined,
+        prompt: undefined,
+        skillsDirs: [],
+      },
+      '1.2.3-test',
+    );
+
+    const [, , startupInput] = mocks.kimiTuiConstructor.mock.calls[0]!;
+    expect(startupInput).toMatchObject({
+      startupNotice: '~/.kimi-code/tui.toml 中的 TUI 配置无效，已使用默认值。',
+    });
+  });
+
   it('forwards config.toml diagnostics as startup notices', async () => {
     mocks.loadTuiConfig.mockResolvedValue({
       theme: 'dark',
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/test/cli/update/preflight.test.ts b/apps/kimi-code/test/cli/update/preflight.test.ts
index a96d1445b..d0ac9e4da 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/test/cli/update/preflight.test.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/test/cli/update/preflight.test.ts
@@ -161,6 +161,7 @@ function installState(overrides: Partial<UpdateInstallState> = {}): UpdateInstal
 function tuiConfig(overrides: Partial<TuiConfig> = {}): TuiConfig {
   return {
     theme: 'auto',
+    language: 'auto',
     editorCommand: null,
     notifications: { enabled: true, condition: 'unfocused' },
     upgrade: { autoInstall: true },
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/activity-pane.test.ts b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/activity-pane.test.ts
index b719da163..479ad96f9 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/activity-pane.test.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/activity-pane.test.ts
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ function makeStartupInput(): KimiTUIStartupInput {
     },
     tuiConfig: {
       theme: 'dark',
+      language: 'auto',
       editorCommand: null,
       notifications: { enabled: true, condition: 'unfocused' },
       upgrade: { autoInstall: true },
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/commands/language.test.ts b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/commands/language.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2b62f4117
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/commands/language.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+import { applyLanguageChoice } from '#/tui/commands/config';
+import { i18n } from '#/tui/i18n';
+import { darkColors } from '#/tui/theme/colors';
+
+const mocks = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  saveTuiConfig: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../../../src/tui/config', async () => {
+  const actual = await vi.importActual<typeof import('../../../src/tui/config.js')>(
+    '../../../src/tui/config.js',
+  );
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    saveTuiConfig: mocks.saveTuiConfig,
+  };
+});
+
+function makeHost() {
+  const requestRender = vi.fn();
+  const setAppState = vi.fn();
+  const showStatus = vi.fn();
+  const track = vi.fn();
+  const refreshSlashCommandAutocomplete = vi.fn();
+  const host = {
+    state: {
+      appState: {
+        theme: 'auto' as const,
+        language: 'auto' as const,
+        editorCommand: null,
+        notifications: { enabled: true, condition: 'unfocused' as const },
+        upgrade: { autoInstall: true },
+      },
+      theme: { palette: darkColors },
+      ui: { requestRender },
+    },
+    setAppState,
+    showStatus,
+    track,
+    refreshSlashCommandAutocomplete,
+  };
+  return { host, requestRender, setAppState, showStatus, track, refreshSlashCommandAutocomplete };
+}
+
+describe('language commands', () => {
+  it('persists, switches runtime locale, and re-renders when the language changes', async () => {
+    mocks.saveTuiConfig.mockClear();
+    const setLocale = vi.spyOn(i18n, 'setLocale');
+    const { host, requestRender, setAppState, refreshSlashCommandAutocomplete } = makeHost();
+
+    await applyLanguageChoice(host, 'zh-CN');
+
+    expect(mocks.saveTuiConfig).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+      theme: 'auto',
+      language: 'zh-CN',
+      editorCommand: null,
+      notifications: { enabled: true, condition: 'unfocused' },
+      upgrade: { autoInstall: true },
+    });
+    expect(setAppState).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ language: 'zh-CN' });
+    expect(setLocale).toHaveBeenCalledWith('zh-CN');
+    expect(requestRender).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    // The slash-command autocomplete holds a snapshot of localized descriptions
+    // built once via setupAutocomplete(); flipping the locale must rebuild it so
+    // the `/` menu follows the new language without a restart.
+    expect(refreshSlashCommandAutocomplete).toHaveBeenCalled();
+
+    setLocale.mockRestore();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/commands/registry.test.ts b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/commands/registry.test.ts
index edfeaa106..95e06e486 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/commands/registry.test.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/commands/registry.test.ts
@@ -1,13 +1,16 @@
 import {
   BUILTIN_SLASH_COMMANDS,
   findBuiltInSlashCommand,
+  goalArgumentCompletions,
+  localizedBuiltinSlashCommands,
   parseSlashInput,
   resolveSlashCommandAvailability,
   sortSlashCommands,
   swarmArgumentCompletions,
   type KimiSlashCommand,
 } from '#/tui/commands/index';
-import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { i18n } from '#/tui/i18n';
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
 
 describe('parseSlashInput', () => {
   it('parses command names and trimmed args', () => {
@@ -156,6 +159,73 @@ describe('built-in slash command registry', () => {
     );
   });
 
+  describe('localized argument-completion descriptions', () => {
+    afterEach(() => {
+      i18n.setLocale('en');
+    });
+
+    it('keeps swarm subcommand values and labels untranslated under zh-CN', () => {
+      i18n.setLocale('zh-CN');
+      const off = swarmArgumentCompletions('of');
+      expect(off).toEqual([{ value: 'off', label: 'off', description: '关闭蜂群模式' }]);
+    });
+
+    it('localizes goal subcommand descriptions under zh-CN while keeping values', () => {
+      i18n.setLocale('zh-CN');
+      const status = goalArgumentCompletions('')?.find((item) => item.value === 'status');
+      expect(status?.value).toBe('status');
+      expect(status?.description).toBe('显示当前目标');
+      expect(status?.description).not.toBe('Show the current goal');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('localized descriptions', () => {
+    afterEach(() => {
+      i18n.setLocale('en');
+    });
+
+    it('resolves builtin descriptions from the en locale by default', () => {
+      const byName = new Map(localizedBuiltinSlashCommands().map((c) => [c.name, c.description]));
+      expect(byName.get('settings')).toBe('Open TUI settings');
+      expect(byName.get('help')).toBe('Show available commands and shortcuts');
+    });
+
+    it('resolves builtin descriptions in Simplified Chinese under zh-CN', () => {
+      i18n.setLocale('zh-CN');
+      const byName = new Map(localizedBuiltinSlashCommands().map((c) => [c.name, c.description]));
+      expect(byName.get('settings')).toBe('打开 TUI 设置');
+      expect(byName.get('settings')).not.toBe('Open TUI settings');
+    });
+
+    it('keeps command names and aliases untranslated under zh-CN', () => {
+      i18n.setLocale('zh-CN');
+      const settings = localizedBuiltinSlashCommands().find((c) => c.name === 'settings');
+      expect(settings?.name).toBe('settings');
+      expect(settings?.aliases).toEqual(['config']);
+    });
+
+    it('has a description key for every builtin command in both locales', () => {
+      for (const locale of ['en', 'zh-CN'] as const) {
+        i18n.setLocale(locale);
+        for (const command of localizedBuiltinSlashCommands()) {
+          // A missing key falls back to the raw dotted key — assert it resolved.
+          expect(command.description).not.toContain('commands.descriptions.');
+          expect(command.description.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('translates no English description through into the zh-CN pack', () => {
+      i18n.setLocale('zh-CN');
+      const englishByName = new Map<string, string>(
+        BUILTIN_SLASH_COMMANDS.map((c) => [c.name, c.description]),
+      );
+      for (const command of localizedBuiltinSlashCommands()) {
+        expect(command.description).not.toBe(englishByName.get(command.name));
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
   it('keeps TUI reload always available and full reload idle-only', () => {
     const reload = findBuiltInSlashCommand('reload');
     const reloadTui = findBuiltInSlashCommand('reload-tui');
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/commands/reload.test.ts b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/commands/reload.test.ts
index ab54a221b..7b95e1387 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/commands/reload.test.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/commands/reload.test.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import {
   handleReloadCommand,
   handleReloadTuiCommand,
 } from '#/tui/commands/reload';
+import { i18n } from '#/tui/i18n';
 import { currentTheme } from '#/tui/theme';
 import type { SlashCommandHost } from '#/tui/commands';
 import {
@@ -87,6 +88,22 @@ auto_install = false
     });
   });
 
+  it('re-reads the language and re-applies it via setAppState + i18n.setLocale', async () => {
+    await writeTuiConfig('language = "zh-CN"\n');
+    const setLocale = vi.spyOn(i18n, 'setLocale');
+    const host = makeHost();
+
+    await handleReloadTuiCommand(host);
+
+    expect(host.state.appState.language).toBe('zh-CN');
+    expect(setLocale).toHaveBeenCalledWith('zh-CN');
+    // Rebuild the autocomplete snapshot so the `/` command menu picks up the
+    // reloaded locale without a restart (see applyReloadedTuiConfig).
+    expect(host.refreshSlashCommandAutocomplete).toHaveBeenCalled();
+
+    setLocale.mockRestore();
+  });
+
   it('awaits the async theme application before refreshing terminal tracking', async () => {
     await writeTuiConfig('theme = "auto"\n');
     const host = makeHost();
@@ -129,6 +146,7 @@ function makeHost({
   const state = {
     appState: {
       theme: 'dark',
+      language: 'auto',
       editorCommand: null,
       notifications: { enabled: true, condition: 'unfocused' },
       upgrade: { autoInstall: true },
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/commands/update-preferences.test.ts b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/commands/update-preferences.test.ts
index fdb64ce46..4dadf7ccd 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/commands/update-preferences.test.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/commands/update-preferences.test.ts
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ describe('update preference commands', () => {
       state: {
         appState: {
           theme: 'auto' as const,
+          language: 'auto' as const,
           editorCommand: null,
           notifications: { enabled: true, condition: 'unfocused' as const },
           upgrade: { autoInstall: true },
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ describe('update preference commands', () => {
 
     expect(mocks.saveTuiConfig).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
       theme: 'auto',
+      language: 'auto',
       editorCommand: null,
       notifications: { enabled: true, condition: 'unfocused' },
       upgrade: { autoInstall: false },
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/chrome/footer.test.ts b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/chrome/footer.test.ts
index ab0878d6b..dd694ebb0 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/chrome/footer.test.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/chrome/footer.test.ts
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ const appState: AppState = {
   planMode: false,
   swarmMode: false,
   theme: 'dark',
+  language: 'auto',
   editorCommand: null,
   notifications: { enabled: true, condition: 'unfocused' },
   upgrade: { autoInstall: true },
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/chrome/welcome.test.ts b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/chrome/welcome.test.ts
index cc3a2ff21..a3b990d69 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/chrome/welcome.test.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/chrome/welcome.test.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
 
 import { WelcomeComponent } from '#/tui/components/chrome/welcome';
 import { setRainbowDance, type RainbowDanceController } from '#/tui/easter-eggs/dance';
+import { i18n } from '#/tui/i18n';
 import { darkColors } from '#/tui/theme/colors';
 import type { AppState } from '#/tui/types';
 
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ const appState: AppState = {
   planMode: false,
   swarmMode: false,
   theme: 'dark',
+  language: 'auto',
   editorCommand: null,
   notifications: { enabled: true, condition: 'unfocused' },
   upgrade: { autoInstall: true },
@@ -101,3 +103,95 @@ describe('WelcomeComponent', () => {
     }
   });
 });
+
+function strip(text: string): string {
+  return text.replaceAll(/\[[0-9;]*m/g, '');
+}
+
+describe('WelcomeComponent — locale rendering', () => {
+  const previousChalkLevel = chalk.level;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    chalk.level = 3;
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    chalk.level = previousChalkLevel;
+    i18n.setLocale('en');
+  });
+
+  it('renders the welcome title in Simplified Chinese under zh-CN', () => {
+    i18n.setLocale('zh-CN');
+
+    const output = new WelcomeComponent(appState).render(80).map(strip).join('\n');
+
+    expect(output).toContain('欢迎使用 Kimi Code');
+    expect(output).not.toContain('Welcome to Kimi Code');
+  });
+
+  it('shows the help hint in Chinese when logged in', () => {
+    i18n.setLocale('zh-CN');
+
+    const output = new WelcomeComponent(appState).render(80).map(strip).join('\n');
+
+    expect(output).toContain('发送 /help 获取帮助信息');
+    expect(output).not.toContain('Send /help for help information');
+  });
+
+  it('shows the login hint and unset-model notice in Chinese when logged out', () => {
+    i18n.setLocale('zh-CN');
+    const loggedOut: AppState = { ...appState, model: '' };
+
+    const output = new WelcomeComponent(loggedOut).render(80).map(strip).join('\n');
+
+    expect(output).toContain('运行 /login 或 /provider 开始使用');
+    expect(output).toContain('未设置');
+    expect(output).not.toContain('Run /login or /provider to get started');
+    expect(output).not.toContain('not set, run /login or /provider');
+  });
+
+  it('renders the info field labels in Chinese while keeping values verbatim', () => {
+    i18n.setLocale('zh-CN');
+    const withMcp: AppState = { ...appState, mcpServersSummary: '2 servers' };
+
+    const output = new WelcomeComponent(withMcp).render(80).map(strip).join('\n');
+
+    expect(output).toContain('目录');
+    expect(output).toContain('会话');
+    expect(output).toContain('模型');
+    expect(output).toContain('版本');
+    // Values are not translated.
+    expect(output).toContain('/tmp/project');
+    expect(output).toContain('ses-1');
+    expect(output).toContain('1.2.3');
+    expect(output).toContain('2 servers');
+    // The MCP key stays as the acronym.
+    expect(output).toContain('MCP');
+    expect(output).not.toContain('Directory');
+    expect(output).not.toContain('Version');
+  });
+
+  it('renders the welcome surface in English on the default locale', () => {
+    const withMcp: AppState = { ...appState, mcpServersSummary: '2 servers' };
+
+    const output = new WelcomeComponent(withMcp).render(80).map(strip).join('\n');
+
+    expect(output).toContain('Welcome to Kimi Code');
+    expect(output).toContain('Send /help for help information.');
+    expect(output).toContain('Directory');
+    expect(output).toContain('Version');
+    expect(output).not.toContain('欢迎');
+    expect(output).not.toContain('目录');
+  });
+
+  it('keeps every line within the requested width under zh-CN', () => {
+    i18n.setLocale('zh-CN');
+    const withMcp: AppState = { ...appState, mcpServersSummary: '2 servers' };
+
+    for (const width of [0, 1, 2, 4, 10, 39, 80]) {
+      for (const line of new WelcomeComponent(withMcp).render(width)) {
+        expect(visibleWidth(line)).toBeLessThanOrEqual(width);
+      }
+    }
+  });
+});
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/dialogs/approval-panel.test.ts b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/dialogs/approval-panel.test.ts
index 473f3261e..a9a60e6b4 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/dialogs/approval-panel.test.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/dialogs/approval-panel.test.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 import { CURSOR_MARKER } from '@earendil-works/pi-tui';
-import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
 
 import { ApprovalPanelComponent } from '#/tui/components/dialogs/approval-panel';
+import { i18n } from '#/tui/i18n';
 import type {
   DiffDisplayBlock,
   FileContentDisplayBlock,
@@ -415,6 +416,47 @@ describe('ApprovalPanelComponent', () => {
     }
   });
 
+  describe('locale rendering', () => {
+    afterEach(() => {
+      i18n.setLocale('en');
+    });
+
+    function makeBashPending(): PendingApproval {
+      return {
+        data: {
+          id: 'approval_bash',
+          tool_call_id: 'tool_bash',
+          tool_name: 'Bash',
+          action: 'run',
+          description: '',
+          display: [
+            { type: 'shell', language: 'bash', command: 'ls', danger: 'recursive delete' },
+          ],
+          choices: [{ label: 'Approve once', response: 'approved' }],
+        },
+      };
+    }
+
+    it('renders the header and hints in English by default', () => {
+      const dialog = new ApprovalPanelComponent(makeBashPending(), () => {});
+      const out = strip(dialog.render(80).join('\n'));
+      expect(out).toContain('Run this command?');
+      expect(out).toContain('select');
+      expect(out).toContain('choose');
+      expect(out).toContain('confirm');
+    });
+
+    it('renders the header and hints in Simplified Chinese under zh-CN', () => {
+      i18n.setLocale('zh-CN');
+      const dialog = new ApprovalPanelComponent(makeBashPending(), () => {});
+      const out = strip(dialog.render(80).join('\n'));
+      expect(out).toContain('运行此命令？');
+      expect(out).toContain('确认');
+      expect(out).not.toContain('Run this command?');
+      expect(out).not.toContain('confirm');
+    });
+  });
+
   it('returns feedback for plan-review revise choice', () => {
     const responses: Array<{
       response: string;
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/dialogs/approval-preview.test.ts b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/dialogs/approval-preview.test.ts
index d4ba77fa9..544d7655d 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/dialogs/approval-preview.test.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/dialogs/approval-preview.test.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 import type { Terminal } from '@earendil-works/pi-tui';
-import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
 
 import {
   ApprovalPreviewViewer,
   type ApprovalPreviewBlock,
 } from '#/tui/components/dialogs/approval-preview';
+import { i18n } from '#/tui/i18n';
 const ANSI_SGR = /\[[0-9;]*m/g;
 function strip(text: string): string {
   return text.replaceAll(ANSI_SGR, '');
@@ -138,6 +139,40 @@ describe('ApprovalPreviewViewer', () => {
     expect(text).toContain('BETA');
   });
 
+  describe('locale rendering', () => {
+    afterEach(() => {
+      i18n.setLocale('en');
+    });
+
+    it('renders the title and footer hints in English by default', () => {
+      const viewer = makeViewer({
+        block: { type: 'file_content', path: 'a.ts', content: 'one\ntwo' },
+        rows: 24,
+      });
+      const out = strip(viewer.render(100).join('\n'));
+      expect(out).toContain('Preview');
+      expect(out).toContain('line');
+      expect(out).toContain('page');
+      expect(out).toContain('top/bot');
+      expect(out).toContain('cancel');
+    });
+
+    it('renders the title and footer hints in Simplified Chinese under zh-CN', () => {
+      i18n.setLocale('zh-CN');
+      const viewer = makeViewer({
+        block: { type: 'file_content', path: 'a.ts', content: 'one\ntwo' },
+        rows: 24,
+      });
+      const out = strip(viewer.render(100).join('\n'));
+      expect(out).toContain('预览');
+      expect(out).toContain('翻页');
+      expect(out).toContain('顶部/底部');
+      expect(out).toContain('取消');
+      expect(out).not.toContain('Preview');
+      expect(out).not.toContain('cancel');
+    });
+  });
+
   // Sanity: rendering is a pure slice — repeated render() calls without
   // input changes produce the same output, no incremental state drift.
   it('renders deterministically across repeated calls', () => {
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/dialogs/language-selector.test.ts b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/dialogs/language-selector.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a8722731d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/dialogs/language-selector.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+import { LanguageSelectorComponent } from '#/tui/components/dialogs/language-selector';
+
+const ANSI_SGR = /\[[0-9;]*m/g;
+
+function strip(text: string): string {
+  return text.replaceAll(ANSI_SGR, '');
+}
+
+describe('LanguageSelectorComponent', () => {
+  it('renders Auto / English / 简体中文 with the current value highlighted', () => {
+    const selector = new LanguageSelectorComponent({
+      currentValue: 'zh-CN',
+      onSelect: vi.fn(),
+      onCancel: vi.fn(),
+    });
+
+    const out = selector.render(120).map(strip);
+
+    expect(out.some((l) => l.includes('Auto'))).toBe(true);
+    expect(out.some((l) => l.includes('English'))).toBe(true);
+    expect(out).toContain('  ❯ 简体中文 ← current');
+  });
+
+  it('fires onSelect with the chosen language value on Enter', () => {
+    const onSelect = vi.fn();
+    const selector = new LanguageSelectorComponent({
+      currentValue: 'auto',
+      onSelect,
+      onCancel: vi.fn(),
+    });
+
+    // Cursor starts on the current value ('auto', the first option). Enter selects it.
+    selector.handleInput('\r');
+
+    expect(onSelect).toHaveBeenCalledWith('auto');
+  });
+});
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/dialogs/model-selector.test.ts b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/dialogs/model-selector.test.ts
index eec53eca4..1212c867c 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/dialogs/model-selector.test.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/dialogs/model-selector.test.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 import type { ModelAlias } from '@moonshot-ai/kimi-code-sdk';
 import { visibleWidth } from '@earendil-works/pi-tui';
-import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
 
 import { ModelSelectorComponent } from '#/tui/components/dialogs/model-selector';
+import { i18n } from '#/tui/i18n';
 import { currentTheme } from '#/tui/theme';
 import { darkColors } from '#/tui/theme/colors';
 
@@ -255,3 +256,32 @@ describe('ModelSelectorComponent', () => {
     }
   });
 });
+
+describe('ModelSelectorComponent — locale rendering', () => {
+  afterEach(() => {
+    i18n.setLocale('en');
+  });
+
+  it('renders the shared footer hints in Chinese via the common namespace', () => {
+    i18n.setLocale('zh-CN');
+    const picker = new ModelSelectorComponent({
+      models: { kimi: model('Kimi K2') },
+      currentValue: 'kimi',
+      currentThinking: true,
+      searchable: true,
+      onSelect: vi.fn(),
+      onCancel: vi.fn(),
+    });
+    // Type a query so the Backspace-clear hint surfaces too.
+    picker.handleInput('k');
+
+    const out = text(picker);
+
+    expect(out).toContain('↑↓ 导航');
+    expect(out).toContain('Enter 选择');
+    expect(out).toContain('Esc 取消');
+    expect(out).toContain('Backspace 清除');
+    expect(out).not.toContain('navigate');
+    expect(out).not.toContain('Esc cancel');
+  });
+});
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/dialogs/question-dialog.test.ts b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/dialogs/question-dialog.test.ts
index 12ca62ed7..0b16d23d8 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/dialogs/question-dialog.test.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/dialogs/question-dialog.test.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 import { CURSOR_MARKER } from '@earendil-works/pi-tui';
 import chalk from 'chalk';
-import { beforeAll, describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { afterEach, beforeAll, describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
 
 import { QuestionDialogComponent } from '#/tui/components/dialogs/question-dialog';
 import type { PendingQuestion } from '#/tui/reverse-rpc/types';
+import { i18n } from '#/tui/i18n';
 import { currentTheme } from '#/tui/theme';
 
 function strip(text: string): string {
@@ -430,6 +431,51 @@ describe('QuestionDialogComponent', () => {
     expect(collected).toEqual([]);
   });
 
+  describe('locale rendering', () => {
+    afterEach(() => {
+      i18n.setLocale('en');
+    });
+
+    function singleQuestion(): PendingQuestion {
+      return makePending([
+        {
+          question: 'Pick one?',
+          multi_select: false,
+          options: [{ label: 'A' }, { label: 'B' }],
+        },
+      ]);
+    }
+
+    it('renders the question tab heading and Other option in English by default', () => {
+      const { dialog } = makeDialog(singleQuestion());
+      const out = strip(dialog.render(80).join('\n'));
+      expect(out).toContain('question');
+      expect(out).toContain('Other');
+    });
+
+    it('renders the question tab in Simplified Chinese under zh-CN', () => {
+      i18n.setLocale('zh-CN');
+      const { dialog } = makeDialog(singleQuestion());
+      const out = strip(dialog.render(80).join('\n'));
+      expect(out).toContain('问题');
+      expect(out).toContain('其他');
+      expect(out).not.toContain('Other');
+    });
+
+    it('renders the submit/review tab in Simplified Chinese under zh-CN', () => {
+      i18n.setLocale('zh-CN');
+      const { dialog } = makeDialog(singleQuestion());
+      dialog.handleInput('\r'); // answer and auto-advance to the submit tab
+      const out = strip(dialog.render(80).join('\n'));
+      expect(out).toContain('提交前请检查你的回答');
+      expect(out).toContain('确认提交你的回答？');
+      expect(out).toContain('提交');
+      expect(out).toContain('取消');
+      expect(out).not.toContain('Submit');
+      expect(out).not.toContain('Review your answer before submit');
+    });
+  });
+
   describe('long-content wrapping', () => {
     const longQuestion =
       'Please confirm whether this dangerous shell command should really be executed in the current workspace, including all of its side effects on the filesystem and the network.';
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/dialogs/settings-selector.test.ts b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/dialogs/settings-selector.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f9fd23112
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/dialogs/settings-selector.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+import { SettingsSelectorComponent } from '#/tui/components/dialogs/settings-selector';
+
+const ANSI_SGR = /\[[0-9;]*m/g;
+const DOWN_ARROW = '';
+const ENTER = '\r';
+
+function strip(text: string): string {
+  return text.replaceAll(ANSI_SGR, '');
+}
+
+describe('SettingsSelectorComponent', () => {
+  it('lists a Language entry', () => {
+    const out = new SettingsSelectorComponent({ onSelect: vi.fn(), onCancel: vi.fn() })
+      .render(120)
+      .map(strip);
+
+    expect(out.some((l) => l.includes('Language'))).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('routes the Language entry to onSelect("language")', () => {
+    const onSelect = vi.fn();
+    const selector = new SettingsSelectorComponent({ onSelect, onCancel: vi.fn() });
+
+    // Navigate the cursor down to the Language row, then select it.
+    let lines = selector.render(120).map(strip);
+    for (let i = 0; i < 12 && !cursorOnLanguage(lines); i++) {
+      selector.handleInput(DOWN_ARROW);
+      lines = selector.render(120).map(strip);
+    }
+    selector.handleInput(ENTER);
+
+    expect(onSelect).toHaveBeenCalledWith('language');
+  });
+});
+
+function cursorOnLanguage(lines: readonly string[]): boolean {
+  return lines.some((l) => l.includes('❯') && l.includes('Language'));
+}
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/dialogs/undo-selector.test.ts b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/dialogs/undo-selector.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..355b92243
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/dialogs/undo-selector.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+import { UndoSelectorComponent } from '#/tui/components/dialogs/undo-selector';
+import { i18n } from '#/tui/i18n';
+
+const ANSI = /\[[0-9;]*m/g;
+const strip = (s: string): string => s.replaceAll(ANSI, '');
+
+function selector(): UndoSelectorComponent {
+  return new UndoSelectorComponent({
+    choices: [{ id: 'a', count: 1, input: 'do thing', label: 'do thing' }],
+    onSelect: vi.fn(),
+    onCancel: vi.fn(),
+  });
+}
+
+function text(component: UndoSelectorComponent, width = 80): string {
+  return component.render(width).map(strip).join('\n');
+}
+
+describe('UndoSelectorComponent — locale rendering', () => {
+  afterEach(() => {
+    i18n.setLocale('en');
+  });
+
+  it('renders the shared navigate/select/cancel hints in Chinese under zh-CN', () => {
+    i18n.setLocale('zh-CN');
+
+    const out = text(selector());
+
+    expect(out).toContain('↑↓ 导航');
+    expect(out).toContain('Enter 选择');
+    expect(out).toContain('Esc 取消');
+    expect(out).not.toContain('navigate');
+    expect(out).not.toContain('select');
+    expect(out).not.toContain('cancel');
+  });
+
+  it('keeps the shared hints in English on the default locale', () => {
+    const out = text(selector());
+
+    expect(out).toContain('↑↓ navigate');
+    expect(out).toContain('Enter select');
+    expect(out).toContain('Esc cancel');
+  });
+});
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/messages/status-panel.test.ts b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/messages/status-panel.test.ts
index ca67aded7..b2d13b5c2 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/messages/status-panel.test.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/messages/status-panel.test.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
-import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { visibleWidth } from '@earendil-works/pi-tui';
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
 
 import { buildStatusReportLines } from '#/tui/components/messages/status-panel';
+import { i18n } from '#/tui/i18n';
 
 function strip(text: string): string {
   return text.replaceAll(/\u001B\[[0-9;]*m/g, '');
@@ -92,3 +94,81 @@ describe('status panel report lines', () => {
     expect(output).toContain('No context window data available.');
   });
 });
+
+describe('status panel — locale rendering', () => {
+  afterEach(() => {
+    i18n.setLocale('en');
+  });
+
+  const richOptions = {
+    version: '1.2.3',
+    model: 'k2',
+    workDir: '/tmp/project',
+    sessionId: 'ses-1',
+    sessionTitle: 'Implement status',
+    thinking: true,
+    permissionMode: 'manual' as const,
+    planMode: false,
+    contextUsage: 0.25,
+    contextTokens: 2500,
+    maxContextTokens: 10000,
+    availableModels: {
+      k2: {
+        provider: 'managed:kimi-code',
+        model: 'kimi-k2',
+        maxContextSize: 10000,
+        displayName: 'Kimi K2',
+      },
+    },
+  };
+
+  it('renders status field labels and values in Simplified Chinese under zh-CN', () => {
+    i18n.setLocale('zh-CN');
+
+    const output = buildStatusReportLines(richOptions).map(strip).join('\n');
+
+    expect(output).toContain('模型');
+    expect(output).toContain('目录');
+    expect(output).toContain('权限');
+    expect(output).toContain('计划模式');
+    expect(output).toContain('会话');
+    expect(output).toContain('标题');
+    expect(output).toContain('上下文窗口');
+    // Plan mode off + thinking on render with translated on/off + label.
+    expect(output).toContain('(思考 开)');
+    expect(output).toContain('关');
+    // Model display name stays untranslated.
+    expect(output).toContain('Kimi K2');
+    expect(output).not.toContain('Model');
+    expect(output).not.toContain('Context window');
+  });
+
+  it('keeps status field labels in English on the default locale', () => {
+    const output = buildStatusReportLines(richOptions).map(strip).join('\n');
+
+    expect(output).toContain('Model');
+    expect(output).toContain('Context window');
+    expect(output).not.toContain('模型');
+  });
+
+  it('keeps the status panel aligned and within width under zh-CN', () => {
+    i18n.setLocale('zh-CN');
+
+    const lines = buildStatusReportLines(richOptions).map(strip);
+    const width = 60;
+    for (const line of lines) {
+      expect(visibleWidth(line)).toBeLessThanOrEqual(width);
+    }
+
+    // Field labels are padded to a common display width, so every value
+    // column starts at the same visible offset (measured as the display
+    // width of the "  <label><padding>" prefix before the value).
+    const fieldLines = lines.filter((l) => /^ {2}\S/.test(l) && !l.includes('█'));
+    const valueOffsets = fieldLines
+      .map((l) => l.match(/^( {2}\S.*?\S {2,})\S/))
+      .filter((m): m is RegExpMatchArray => m !== null)
+      .map((m) => visibleWidth(m[1]!));
+    expect(valueOffsets.length).toBeGreaterThan(1);
+    expect(new Set(valueOffsets).size).toBe(1);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/messages/usage-panel.test.ts b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/messages/usage-panel.test.ts
index 5540b9b75..09d04f9a0 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/messages/usage-panel.test.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/messages/usage-panel.test.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { visibleWidth } from '@earendil-works/pi-tui';
 import { afterEach, describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
 
 import { buildUsageReportLines, UsagePanelComponent } from '#/tui/components/messages/usage-panel';
+import { i18n } from '#/tui/i18n';
 import { currentTheme, darkColors, lightColors } from '#/tui/theme';
 
 afterEach(() => {
@@ -56,6 +57,19 @@ describe('UsagePanelComponent', () => {
     expect(output[1]).toContain('Session usage');
   });
 
+  it('titles the default panel from the active locale', () => {
+    i18n.setLocale('zh-CN');
+    try {
+      const component = new UsagePanelComponent(() => ['会话用量'], 'primary');
+      const output = component.render(80).map(strip);
+
+      expect(output[0]).toContain('用量');
+      expect(output[0]).not.toContain('Usage');
+    } finally {
+      i18n.setLocale('en');
+    }
+  });
+
   it('truncates lines wider than the terminal so the panel never overflows', () => {
     const longLine = 'error: ' + 'x'.repeat(200);
     const component = new UsagePanelComponent(() => [longLine], 'primary');
@@ -78,6 +92,54 @@ describe('UsagePanelComponent', () => {
     }
   });
 
+  it('renders the usage-panel labels in Simplified Chinese when the locale is zh-CN', () => {
+    i18n.setLocale('zh-CN');
+    try {
+      const report = {
+        sessionUsage: {
+          byModel: {
+            kimi: { inputOther: 1000, inputCacheRead: 500, inputCacheCreation: 500, output: 250 },
+            'kimi-2': { inputOther: 10, inputCacheRead: 0, inputCacheCreation: 0, output: 5 },
+          },
+        } as never,
+        contextUsage: 0.25,
+        contextTokens: 2500,
+        maxContextTokens: 10000,
+        managedUsage: {
+          summary: { label: 'daily', used: 20, limit: 100, resetHint: 'resets tomorrow' },
+          limits: [],
+        },
+      };
+      const output = buildUsageReportLines(report).map(strip).join('\n');
+
+      expect(output).toContain('会话用量');
+      expect(output).toContain('输入');
+      expect(output).toContain('输出');
+      expect(output).toContain('合计');
+      expect(output).toContain('上下文窗口');
+      expect(output).toContain('套餐用量');
+      expect(output).toContain('已用');
+      // Model names and SDK-provided values stay untranslated.
+      expect(output).toContain('kimi');
+      expect(output).not.toContain('Session usage');
+      expect(output).not.toContain('Context window');
+      expect(output).not.toContain('Plan usage');
+    } finally {
+      i18n.setLocale('en');
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('keeps the usage-panel labels in English on the default locale', () => {
+    const output = buildUsageReportLines({
+      contextUsage: 0,
+      contextTokens: 0,
+      maxContextTokens: 0,
+    }).map(strip).join('\n');
+
+    expect(output).toContain('Session usage');
+    expect(output).not.toContain('会话用量');
+  });
+
   it('rebuilds its body from the active palette on invalidate', () => {
     // Emit the resolved palette value as visible text so the assertion holds
     // regardless of chalk's colour level in the test environment.
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/panels/footer-context.test.ts b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/panels/footer-context.test.ts
index fb1cfd5fe..8f40f901a 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/panels/footer-context.test.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/panels/footer-context.test.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
-import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+import { describe, it, expect, afterEach } from 'vitest';
 import chalk from 'chalk';
 
 import { FooterComponent, formatFooterGitBadge, buildWeightedTips } from '#/tui/components/chrome/footer';
+import { i18n } from '#/tui/i18n';
 import { darkColors } from '#/tui/theme/colors';
 import type { AppState } from '#/tui/types';
 
@@ -145,6 +146,37 @@ describe('FooterComponent — context NaN resilience', () => {
   });
 });
 
+describe('FooterComponent — locale rendering', () => {
+  afterEach(() => {
+    i18n.setLocale('en');
+  });
+
+  it('renders footer status labels in English by default', () => {
+    const fc = new FooterComponent(baseState({ contextUsage: 0.5, thinking: true }));
+    fc.setBackgroundCounts({ bashTasks: 1, agentTasks: 0 });
+
+    const out = strip(fc.render(120).join(''));
+
+    expect(out).toContain('context: 50.0%');
+    expect(out).toContain('thinking');
+    expect(out).toContain('[1 task running]');
+  });
+
+  it('renders footer status labels in Simplified Chinese when the locale is zh-CN', () => {
+    i18n.setLocale('zh-CN');
+
+    const fc = new FooterComponent(baseState({ contextUsage: 0.5, thinking: true }));
+    fc.setBackgroundCounts({ bashTasks: 1, agentTasks: 0 });
+
+    const out = strip(fc.render(120).join(''));
+
+    expect(out).toContain('上下文: 50.0%');
+    expect(out).toContain('思考模式');
+    expect(out).toContain('个后台任务运行中');
+    expect(out).not.toContain('context:');
+  });
+});
+
 describe('buildWeightedTips — weighted rotation', () => {
   it('repeats higher-priority tips more often (length = sum of weights)', () => {
     const seq = buildWeightedTips([
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/panels/help-panel.test.ts b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/panels/help-panel.test.ts
index 52f94430b..449a263fe 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/panels/help-panel.test.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/components/panels/help-panel.test.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
-import { describe, it, expect, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { afterEach, describe, it, expect, vi } from 'vitest';
 
 import type { KimiSlashCommand } from '#/tui/commands/index';
 import { HelpPanelComponent } from '#/tui/components/dialogs/help-panel';
+import { i18n } from '#/tui/i18n';
 
 function cmd(name: string, description: string, aliases: string[] = []): KimiSlashCommand {
   return {
@@ -100,4 +101,65 @@ describe('HelpPanelComponent', () => {
     const out2 = strip(panel.render(80).join('\n'));
     expect(out2).toMatch(/showing 2-7 of/);
   });
+
+  describe('locale rendering', () => {
+    afterEach(() => {
+      i18n.setLocale('en');
+    });
+
+    it('renders section headers and greeting in English by default', () => {
+      const panel = new HelpPanelComponent({
+        commands: [cmd('exit', 'Exit', ['quit', 'q'])],
+        onClose: () => {},
+      });
+      const out = strip(panel.render(80).join('\n'));
+      expect(out).toContain('Keyboard shortcuts');
+      expect(out).toContain('Slash commands');
+      expect(out).toMatch(/ready to help/i);
+    });
+
+    it('renders section headers and greeting in Simplified Chinese under zh-CN', () => {
+      i18n.setLocale('zh-CN');
+      const panel = new HelpPanelComponent({
+        commands: [cmd('exit', 'Exit', ['quit', 'q'])],
+        onClose: () => {},
+      });
+      const out = strip(panel.render(80).join('\n'));
+      expect(out).toContain('键盘快捷键');
+      expect(out).toContain('斜杠命令');
+      expect(out).not.toContain('Keyboard shortcuts');
+      expect(out).not.toContain('Slash commands');
+    });
+
+    it('translates default keyboard-shortcut descriptions under zh-CN while keeping the keys', () => {
+      i18n.setLocale('zh-CN');
+      const panel = new HelpPanelComponent({
+        commands: [],
+        onClose: () => {},
+      });
+      const out = strip(panel.render(80).join('\n'));
+      // Keys (identifiers) stay verbatim …
+      expect(out).toContain('Shift-Tab');
+      expect(out).toContain('Ctrl-G');
+      // … but their descriptions are localized.
+      expect(out).toContain('切换计划模式');
+      expect(out).not.toContain('Toggle plan mode');
+    });
+
+    it('translates the dismiss hint and scroll tail under zh-CN', () => {
+      i18n.setLocale('zh-CN');
+      const many = Array.from({ length: 30 }, (_, i) => cmd(`cmd${String(i)}`, 'd'));
+      const panel = new HelpPanelComponent({
+        commands: many,
+        onClose: () => {},
+        maxVisible: 6,
+      });
+      const out = strip(panel.render(80).join('\n'));
+      expect(out).toContain('滚动');
+      expect(out).not.toMatch(/to cancel/);
+      // Scroll tail keeps its numbers but localizes the surrounding words.
+      expect(out).toMatch(/显示第 1-6 项，共 \d+ 项/);
+      expect(out).not.toMatch(/showing 1-6 of/);
+    });
+  });
 });
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/config.test.ts b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/config.test.ts
index 21c4f4b6c..5f9487f7f 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/config.test.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/config.test.ts
@@ -42,9 +42,14 @@ describe('TUI config', () => {
     expect(text).toContain('notification_condition = "unfocused"');
   });
 
+  it('defaults language to auto', () => {
+    expect(DEFAULT_TUI_CONFIG.language).toBe('auto');
+  });
+
   it('parses valid TOML', () => {
     const config = parseTuiConfig(`
 theme = "light"
+language = "zh-CN"
 
 [editor]
 command = "code --wait"
@@ -59,12 +64,25 @@ auto_install = false
 
     expect(config).toEqual({
       theme: 'light',
+      language: 'zh-CN',
       editorCommand: 'code --wait',
       notifications: { enabled: false, condition: 'always' },
       upgrade: { autoInstall: false },
     });
   });
 
+  it('defaults language to auto when the field is absent', () => {
+    const config = parseTuiConfig(`theme = "dark"`);
+
+    expect(config.language).toBe('auto');
+  });
+
+  it('round-trips language through save and reload without loss', async () => {
+    await saveTuiConfig({ ...DEFAULT_TUI_CONFIG, language: 'zh-CN' }, filePath);
+
+    expect((await loadTuiConfig(filePath)).language).toBe('zh-CN');
+  });
+
   it('normalizes an empty editor command to auto-detect', () => {
     const config = parseTuiConfig(`
 [editor]
@@ -73,6 +91,7 @@ command = "   "
 
     expect(config).toEqual({
       theme: 'auto',
+      language: 'auto',
       editorCommand: null,
       notifications: { enabled: true, condition: 'unfocused' },
       upgrade: { autoInstall: true },
@@ -104,6 +123,7 @@ command = "   "
     await saveTuiConfig(
       {
         theme: 'light',
+        language: 'en',
         editorCommand: 'vim',
         notifications: { enabled: false, condition: 'always' },
         upgrade: { autoInstall: false },
@@ -113,6 +133,7 @@ command = "   "
 
     expect(await loadTuiConfig(filePath)).toEqual({
       theme: 'light',
+      language: 'en',
       editorCommand: 'vim',
       notifications: { enabled: false, condition: 'always' },
       upgrade: { autoInstall: false },
@@ -124,6 +145,7 @@ command = "   "
     await saveTuiConfig(
       {
         theme,
+        language: 'auto',
         editorCommand: null,
         notifications: DEFAULT_TUI_CONFIG.notifications,
         upgrade: DEFAULT_TUI_CONFIG.upgrade,
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/create-tui-state.test.ts b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/create-tui-state.test.ts
index 8be57e91c..b969da53b 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/create-tui-state.test.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/create-tui-state.test.ts
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ function fakeInitialAppState(): AppState {
     streamingPhase: 'idle',
     streamingStartTime: 0,
     theme: 'dark',
+    language: 'auto',
     version: '0.0.0-test',
     editorCommand: null,
     notifications: { enabled: true, condition: 'unfocused' },
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/i18n.test.ts b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/i18n.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..09bf78fac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/i18n.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+
+import { INVALID_TUI_CONFIG_MESSAGE } from '#/tui/config';
+import { i18n, I18n, resolveLocale } from '#/tui/i18n';
+
+const messages = {
+  en: {
+    components: {
+      footer: { context: 'context', greeting: 'Hi {name}', thinking: 'thinking' },
+    },
+  },
+  'zh-CN': {
+    components: {
+      footer: { context: '上下文', greeting: '你好 {name}' },
+    },
+  },
+};
+
+describe('I18n', () => {
+  it('looks up a key in the active locale', () => {
+    const i18n = new I18n(messages, 'en');
+
+    expect(i18n.t('components.footer.context')).toBe('context');
+  });
+
+  it('resolves the active locale over the fallback', () => {
+    const i18n = new I18n(messages, 'zh-CN');
+
+    expect(i18n.t('components.footer.context')).toBe('上下文');
+  });
+
+  it('falls back to the default locale when a key is missing in the active locale', () => {
+    const i18n = new I18n(messages, 'zh-CN');
+
+    // `thinking` only exists in the `en` pack.
+    expect(i18n.t('components.footer.thinking')).toBe('thinking');
+  });
+
+  it('returns the raw key when it is missing in every locale', () => {
+    const i18n = new I18n(messages, 'en');
+
+    expect(i18n.t('components.footer.nope')).toBe('components.footer.nope');
+  });
+
+  it('interpolates named params', () => {
+    const i18n = new I18n(messages, 'zh-CN');
+
+    expect(i18n.t('components.footer.greeting', { name: 'Kimi' })).toBe('你好 Kimi');
+  });
+
+  it('switches the active locale at runtime via setLocale', () => {
+    const i18n = new I18n(messages, 'en');
+    expect(i18n.t('components.footer.context')).toBe('context');
+
+    i18n.setLocale('zh-CN');
+
+    expect(i18n.t('components.footer.context')).toBe('上下文');
+  });
+});
+
+describe('cli config notice (bundled packs)', () => {
+  it('keeps the English config-parse notice in sync with INVALID_TUI_CONFIG_MESSAGE', () => {
+    i18n.setLocale('en');
+
+    expect(i18n.t('cli.config.invalidTuiConfig')).toBe(INVALID_TUI_CONFIG_MESSAGE);
+  });
+
+  it('renders the config-parse notice in Chinese under zh-CN', () => {
+    i18n.setLocale('zh-CN');
+
+    const notice = i18n.t('cli.config.invalidTuiConfig');
+    expect(notice).not.toBe(INVALID_TUI_CONFIG_MESSAGE);
+    expect(notice).toContain('默认值');
+  });
+});
+
+describe('resolveLocale', () => {
+  it('passes through an explicit locale preference without consulting the env', () => {
+    expect(resolveLocale('en', { LANG: 'zh_CN.UTF-8' })).toBe('en');
+    expect(resolveLocale('zh-CN', { LANG: 'en_US.UTF-8' })).toBe('zh-CN');
+  });
+
+  it('resolves auto to zh-CN for Chinese locales and their variants', () => {
+    expect(resolveLocale('auto', { LANG: 'zh_CN.UTF-8' })).toBe('zh-CN');
+    expect(resolveLocale('auto', { LANG: 'zh_CN' })).toBe('zh-CN');
+    expect(resolveLocale('auto', { LANG: 'zh-CN' })).toBe('zh-CN');
+  });
+
+  it('resolves auto to en for English, C, and unknown locales', () => {
+    expect(resolveLocale('auto', { LANG: 'en_US.UTF-8' })).toBe('en');
+    expect(resolveLocale('auto', { LANG: 'C.UTF-8' })).toBe('en');
+    expect(resolveLocale('auto', { LANG: 'POSIX' })).toBe('en');
+    expect(resolveLocale('auto', { LANG: 'fr_FR.UTF-8' })).toBe('en');
+    expect(resolveLocale('auto', {})).toBe('en');
+  });
+
+  it('honours LC_ALL over LC_MESSAGES over LANG', () => {
+    expect(resolveLocale('auto', { LC_ALL: 'zh_CN.UTF-8', LANG: 'en_US.UTF-8' })).toBe('zh-CN');
+    expect(resolveLocale('auto', { LC_MESSAGES: 'zh_CN.UTF-8', LANG: 'en_US.UTF-8' })).toBe('zh-CN');
+    expect(resolveLocale('auto', { LC_ALL: 'en_US.UTF-8', LC_MESSAGES: 'zh_CN.UTF-8' })).toBe('en');
+  });
+});
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/kimi-tui-message-flow.test.ts b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/kimi-tui-message-flow.test.ts
index da8df93ce..23e8369e7 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/kimi-tui-message-flow.test.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/kimi-tui-message-flow.test.ts
@@ -102,6 +102,7 @@ function makeStartupInput(): KimiTUIStartupInput {
     },
     tuiConfig: {
       theme: 'dark',
+      language: 'auto',
       editorCommand: null,
       notifications: { enabled: true, condition: 'unfocused' },
       upgrade: { autoInstall: true },
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/kimi-tui-startup.test.ts b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/kimi-tui-startup.test.ts
index 696024480..ff33f7f52 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/kimi-tui-startup.test.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/kimi-tui-startup.test.ts
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@ function makeStartupInput(
     },
     tuiConfig: {
       theme: 'dark',
+      language: 'auto',
       editorCommand: null,
       notifications: { enabled: true, condition: 'unfocused' },
       upgrade: { autoInstall: true },
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/message-replay.test.ts b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/message-replay.test.ts
index f54bac27b..e7a37a36e 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/message-replay.test.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/message-replay.test.ts
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ function makeStartupInput(): KimiTUIStartupInput {
     },
     tuiConfig: {
       theme: 'dark',
+      language: 'auto',
       editorCommand: null,
       notifications: { enabled: true, condition: 'unfocused' },
       upgrade: { autoInstall: true },
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/reverse-rpc/approval-adapter.test.ts b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/reverse-rpc/approval-adapter.test.ts
index 997230fec..eaf8c1841 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/reverse-rpc/approval-adapter.test.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/reverse-rpc/approval-adapter.test.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
 
 import { adaptApprovalRequest, adaptPanelResponse } from '#/tui/reverse-rpc/approval/adapter';
+import { i18n } from '#/tui/i18n';
 
 describe('approval adapter', () => {
   it('adapts generic command displays into shell blocks with approval choices', () => {
@@ -211,6 +212,50 @@ describe('approval adapter', () => {
     ]);
   });
 
+  describe('locale rendering', () => {
+    afterEach(() => {
+      i18n.setLocale('en');
+    });
+
+    it('localizes default choice labels and danger labels under zh-CN', () => {
+      i18n.setLocale('zh-CN');
+      const adapted = adaptApprovalRequest({
+        toolCallId: 'tc-zh',
+        toolName: 'Bash',
+        action: 'run',
+        display: {
+          kind: 'generic',
+          summary: 'run',
+          detail: { command: 'sudo rm -rf /tmp/cache' },
+        },
+      });
+
+      expect(adapted.choices.map((choice) => choice.label)).toEqual([
+        '批准一次',
+        '本次会话内批准',
+        '拒绝',
+        '拒绝并反馈',
+      ]);
+      expect(adapted.display).toMatchObject([{ danger: '递归删除' }]);
+    });
+
+    it('localizes plan-review labels while keeping selected_label stable', () => {
+      i18n.setLocale('zh-CN');
+      const adapted = adaptApprovalRequest({
+        toolCallId: 'tc-plan-zh',
+        toolName: 'ExitPlanMode',
+        action: 'Review plan',
+        display: { kind: 'plan_review', plan: '# Plan', path: '/tmp/p.md' },
+      });
+
+      expect(adapted.choices).toEqual([
+        { label: '批准', response: 'approved', selected_label: 'Approve' },
+        { label: '拒绝', response: 'rejected', selected_label: 'Reject' },
+        { label: '修订', response: 'rejected', selected_label: 'Revise', requires_feedback: true },
+      ]);
+    });
+  });
+
   it('maps approved-for-session responses into core approval payloads', () => {
     expect(
       adaptPanelResponse({
diff --git a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/signal-handlers.test.ts b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/signal-handlers.test.ts
index 9d630a26d..898cbfc2e 100644
--- a/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/signal-handlers.test.ts
+++ b/apps/kimi-code/test/tui/signal-handlers.test.ts
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ function makeStartupInput(): KimiTUIStartupInput {
     },
     tuiConfig: {
       theme: 'dark',
+      language: 'auto',
       editorCommand: null,
       notifications: { enabled: true, condition: 'unfocused' },
       upgrade: { autoInstall: true },