.NET 7 UnsatisfiedLinkError to native OnCreate() coming from Java Binding

[bloomer-joe]

Android application type

.NET Android (net7.0-android, net8.0-android, etc.)

Affected platform version

Android 12

Description

App shows UnsatisfiedLinkError after migrating from Mono.Android v12.0 (API 31) to net7.0-android. The app contains multiple projects to link in 3rd party Java bindings. The app (including bindings) runs smoothly except for one feature. When that feature is called from the Java binding, it attempts to call the app's OnCreate() and fails.

It seems as if OnCreate() might not be registered or otherwise accessible from the Java code,.

Advice from these documents was introduced as a possible fix, but the error persists:
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/maui/android/internals/java-interop?view=net-maui-7.0#registration
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/maui/platform-integration/native-embedding?view=net-maui-7.0

Due to the nature of the 3rd party library, this bug is only caught in Release mode, as the library's Debug mode implementation does not allow hardware activation of the NFC reader.

Steps to Reproduce

No repro.

Did you find any workaround?

No response

Relevant log output

java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: No implementation found for void crc6443da931ec5bafba4.MainApplication.n_onCreate() (tried Java_crc6443da931ec5bafba4_MainApplication_n_1onCreate and Java_crc6443da931ec5bafba4_MainApplication_n_1onCreate__)
                                                                                                    	at crc6443da931ec5bafba4.MainApplication.n_onCreate(Native Method)
                                                                                                    	at crc6443da931ec5bafba4.MainApplication.onCreate(MainApplication.java:25)
                                                                                                    	at android.app.Instrumentation.callApplicationOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1211)
                                                                                                    	at android.app.ActivityThread.handleBindApplication(ActivityThread.java:6715)
                                                                                                    	at android.app.ActivityThread.access$1300(ActivityThread.java:250)
                                                                                                    	at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:2045)
                                                                                                    	at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:106)
                                                                                                    	at android.os.Looper.loopOnce(Looper.java:201)
                                                                                                    	at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:288)
                                                                                                    	at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:7829)
                                                                                                    	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
                                                                                                    	at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:548)
                                                                                                    	at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:982)

[grendello]

@bloomer-joe could you try turning linking off (set the PublishTrimmed MSBuild property to false) and see if the application works correctly then?

[jonpryor]

@bloomer-joe: a repro would also be handy. Full (-ish) adb logcat output would also be handy.

The crc6443da931ec5bafba4.MainApplication methods should be registered by ApplicationRegistration.registerApplications(), which is generated at packaging time in e.g. obj/Release/net8.0-android/android/src/mono/android/app/ApplicationRegistration.java, and is called by MonoPackageManager.LoadApplication():

https://github.com/xamarin/xamarin-android/blob/a832dd8d2ad834361ee8b0708a81547edbad797a/src/java-runtime/java/mono/android/MonoPackageManager.java#L128

My suspicion is that MonoPackageManager.LoadApplication() isn't being called in your codepath. MonoPackageManager.LoadApplication() is called by MonoRuntimeProvider:

https://github.com/xamarin/xamarin-android/blob/a832dd8d2ad834361ee8b0708a81547edbad797a/src/Xamarin.Android.Build.Tasks/Resources/MonoRuntimeProvider.Bundled.java#L35

MonoRuntimeProvider in turn is within your (generated) AndroidManifest.xml, within a <provider/> element:

<provider android:name="mono.MonoRuntimeProvider" android:exported="false" android:initOrder="1999999999" android:authorities="Mono.Android.NET_Tests.mono.MonoRuntimeProvider.__mono_init__" />

I see from the Java-side callstack that MainApplication.onCreate() is called by Instrumentation.callApplicationOnCreate(). Perhaps this Instrumentation-based startup path is not initializing providers?

[bloomer-joe]

@grendello , I was thinking the same thing about the "PublishTrimmed" property, but modifying that did not change the outcome.

A more complete logcat:

01-26 11:42:28.030  1781  1875 I ActivityManager: Start proc 29427:com.stripe.cots.aidlservice/u0a318 for service 
/{com.bloomerang.stripe.demo/com.stripe.cots.aidlservice.CotsService}
01-26 11:42:28.042 29427 29427 I ots.aidlservice: Using CollectorTypeCC GC.
01-26 11:42:28.047 29427 29427 E ots.aidlservice: Not starting debugger since process cannot load the jdwp agent.
01-26 11:42:28.054 29427 29427 D CompatibilityChangeReporter: Compat change id reported: 171979766; UID 10318; state: ENABLED
01-26 11:42:28.059 29427 29427 W ziparchive: Unable to open '/data/app/~~uBYWYGCriL5wwpNVSC6LRg==/com.bloomerang.stripe.demo--gy7gOwkih_wdTRhEpAyvA==/split_config.arm64_v8a.dm': No such file or directory
01-26 11:42:28.059 29427 29427 W ziparchive: Unable to open '/data/app/~~uBYWYGCriL5wwpNVSC6LRg==/com.bloomerang.stripe.demo--gy7gOwkih_wdTRhEpAyvA==/split_config.arm64_v8a.dm': No such file or directory
01-26 11:42:28.059 29427 29427 W ots.aidlservice: Entry not found
01-26 11:42:28.060 29427 29427 W ziparchive: Unable to open '/data/app/~~uBYWYGCriL5wwpNVSC6LRg==/com.bloomerang.stripe.demo--gy7gOwkih_wdTRhEpAyvA==/split_config.en.dm': No such file or directory
01-26 11:42:28.060 29427 29427 W ziparchive: Unable to open '/data/app/~~uBYWYGCriL5wwpNVSC6LRg==/com.bloomerang.stripe.demo--gy7gOwkih_wdTRhEpAyvA==/split_config.en.dm': No such file or directory
01-26 11:42:28.060 29427 29427 W ots.aidlservice: Entry not found
01-26 11:42:28.060 29427 29427 W ziparchive: Unable to open '/data/app/~~uBYWYGCriL5wwpNVSC6LRg==/com.bloomerang.stripe.demo--gy7gOwkih_wdTRhEpAyvA==/split_config.xxhdpi.dm': No such file or directory
01-26 11:42:28.060 29427 29427 W ziparchive: Unable to open '/data/app/~~uBYWYGCriL5wwpNVSC6LRg==/com.bloomerang.stripe.demo--gy7gOwkih_wdTRhEpAyvA==/split_config.xxhdpi.dm': No such file or directory
01-26 11:42:28.061 29427 29427 W ots.aidlservice: Entry not found
01-26 11:42:28.062 29427 29427 D nativeloader: Configuring clns-4 for other apk /data/app/~~uBYWYGCriL5wwpNVSC6LRg==/com.bloomerang.stripe.demo--gy7gOwkih_wdTRhEpAyvA==/base.apk:/data/app/~~uBYWYGCriL5wwpNVSC6LRg==/com.bloomerang.stripe.demo--gy7gOwkih_wdTRhEpAyvA==/split_config.arm64_v8a.apk:/data/app/~~uBYWYGCriL5wwpNVSC6LRg==/com.bloomerang.stripe.demo--gy7gOwkih_wdTRhEpAyvA==/split_config.en.apk:/data/app/~~uBYWYGCriL5wwpNVSC6LRg==/com.bloomerang.stripe.demo--gy7gOwkih_wdTRhEpAyvA==/split_config.xxhdpi.apk. target_sdk_version=33, uses_libraries=, library_path=/data/app/~~uBYWYGCriL5wwpNVSC6LRg==/com.bloomerang.stripe.demo--gy7gOwkih_wdTRhEpAyvA==/lib/arm64:/data/app/~~uBYWYGCriL5wwpNVSC6LRg==/com.bloomerang.stripe.demo--gy7gOwkih_wdTRhEpAyvA==/base.apk!/lib/arm64-v8a:/data/app/~~uBYWYGCriL5wwpNVSC6LRg==/com.bloomerang.stripe.demo--gy7gOwkih_wdTRhEpAyvA==/split_config.arm64_v8a.apk!/lib/arm64-v8a:/data/app/~~uBYWYGCriL5wwpNVSC6LRg==/com.bloomerang.stripe.demo--gy7gOwkih_wdTRhEpAyvA==/split_config.en.apk!/lib/arm64-v8a:/data/app/~~uBYWYGCriL5wwpNVSC6LR
01-26 11:42:28.068 29427 29427 V GraphicsEnvironment: ANGLE Developer option for 'com.bloomerang.stripe.demo' set to: 'default'
01-26 11:42:28.068 29427 29427 V GraphicsEnvironment: ANGLE GameManagerService for com.bloomerang.stripe.demo: false
01-26 11:42:28.068 29427 29427 V GraphicsEnvironment: Updatable production driver is not supported on the device.
01-26 11:42:28.069 29427 29427 D NetworkSecurityConfig: No Network Security Config specified, using platform default
01-26 11:42:28.069 29427 29427 D NetworkSecurityConfig: No Network Security Config specified, using platform default
01-26 11:42:28.069 29427 29427 E ots.aidlservice: No implementation found for void crc6443da931ec5bafba4.MainApplication.n_onCreate() (tried Java_crc6443da931ec5bafba4_MainApplication_n_1onCreate and Java_crc6443da931ec5bafba4_MainApplication_n_1onCreate__) - is the library loaded, e.g. System.loadLibrary?
01-26 11:42:28.070 29427 29427 D AndroidRuntime: Shutting down VM
01-26 11:42:28.070 29427 29427 E AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
01-26 11:42:28.070 29427 29427 E AndroidRuntime: Process: com.stripe.cots.aidlservice, PID: 29427
01-26 11:42:28.070 29427 29427 E AndroidRuntime: java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: No implementation found for void crc6443da931ec5bafba4.MainApplication.n_onCreate() (tried Java_crc6443da931ec5bafba4_MainApplication_n_1onCreate and Java_crc6443da931ec5bafba4_MainApplication_n_1onCreate__) - is the library loaded, e.g. System.loadLibrary?
01-26 11:42:28.070 29427 29427 E AndroidRuntime:        at crc6443da931ec5bafba4.MainApplication.n_onCreate(Native Method)
01-26 11:42:28.070 29427 29427 E AndroidRuntime:        at crc6443da931ec5bafba4.MainApplication.onCreate(MainApplication.java:25)
01-26 11:42:28.070 29427 29427 E AndroidRuntime:        at android.app.Instrumentation.callApplicationOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1266)
01-26 11:42:28.070 29427 29427 E AndroidRuntime:        at android.app.ActivityThread.handleBindApplication(ActivityThread.java:6785)
01-26 11:42:28.070 29427 29427 E AndroidRuntime:        at android.app.ActivityThread.-$$Nest$mhandleBindApplication(Unknown Source:0)
01-26 11:42:28.070 29427 29427 E AndroidRuntime:        at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:2134)
01-26 11:42:28.070 29427 29427 E AndroidRuntime:        at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:106)
01-26 11:42:28.070 29427 29427 E AndroidRuntime:        at android.os.Looper.loopOnce(Looper.java:201)
01-26 11:42:28.070 29427 29427 E AndroidRuntime:        at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:288)
01-26 11:42:28.070 29427 29427 E AndroidRuntime:        at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:7898)
01-26 11:42:28.070 29427 29427 E AndroidRuntime:        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
01-26 11:42:28.070 29427 29427 E AndroidRuntime:        at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:548)
01-26 11:42:28.070 29427 29427 E AndroidRuntime:        at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:936)
01-26 11:42:28.071  1781 29443 I DropBoxManagerService: add tag=data_app_crash isTagEnabled=true flags=0x2
01-26 11:42:28.071  1781  1858 I ActivityManager: Showing crash dialog for package com.bloomerang.stripe.demo u0

[bloomer-joe]

@jonpryor , Update: I've been working through the steps you wrote. I am seeing crc6443da931ec5bafba4.MainApplication in obj/Release/net8.0-android/android/src/mono/android/app/ApplicationRegistration.java, just as you thought. I also verified that MonoRuntimeProvider was in my (generated) AndroidManifest.xml, hower there is a difference there. The value for android:authorities is

"com.bloomerang.stripe.demo.mono.MonoRuntimeProvider.mono_init"
not
"Mono.Android.NET_Tests.mono.MonoRuntimeProvider.mono_init"

That seems nominal though.

[bloomer-joe]

Bump. I received approval to create a public repro. It may be a little while though.

[jasells]

@bloomer-joe: a repro would also be handy.

@grendello , @jonpryor

I am a team-mate of @bloomer-joe and have been following the issue, and trying to resolve it as well.

I posted a repro-repo here and gave you access. I can add others or make it public if that helps.

[jasells]

Here's a little more context from LogCat (before the error).

It seems to be the case that a service is trying to start, and that service is what cannot find our app's onCreate() binding, or native method.

java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: No implementation found for void crc6443da931ec5bafba4.MainApplication.n_onCreate() 
(tried Java_crc6443da931ec5bafba4_MainApplication_n_1onCreate and Java_crc6443da931ec5bafba4_MainApplication_n_1onCreate__)
        	at crc6443da931ec5bafba4.MainApplication.n_onCreate(Native Method)
           	at crc6443da931ec5bafba4.MainApplication.onCreate(MainApplication.java:25)
           	at android.app.Instrumentation.callApplicationOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1211)
           	at android.app.ActivityThread.handleBindApplication(ActivityThread.java:6715)
           	at android.app.ActivityThread.access$1300(ActivityThread.java:250)
           	at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:2045)
            at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:106)
            at android.os.Looper.loopOnce(Looper.java:201)
            at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:288)
            at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:7829)
            at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
            at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:548)
            at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:982)
.
.
.
Time	Device Name	Type	PID	Tag	Message
	Google Pixel 4	Error	16074	AndroidRuntime	Process: com.stripe.cots.aidlservice, PID: 16074
.
.
.
Time	Device Name	Type	PID	Tag	Message
	Google Pixel 4	Error	16074	ots.aidlservice	No implementation found for void crc6443da931ec5bafba4.MainApplication.n_onCreate() (tried Java_crc6443da931ec5bafba4_MainApplication_n_1onCreate and Java_crc6443da931ec5bafba4_MainApplication_n_1onCreate__) - is the library loaded, e.g. System.loadLibrary?
.
.
.
Time	Device Name	Type	PID	Tag	Message
	Google Pixel 4	Info	1742	ActivityManager	Start proc 16074:com.stripe.cots.aidlservice/u0a365 for service {com.bloomerang.stripe.demo/com.stripe.cots.aidlservice.CotsService}

Note: I did open the .dex files generated from our build with Android Studio, and was able to find void crc6443da931ec5bafba4.MainApplication.n_onCreate() there, so not sure why it isn't found?

[grendello]

@jasells thanks for the access and the repro! I wonder if the issue was fixed by recent Java.Interop changes in the main branch, @jonpryor what do you think?