ci: check README documentation links

[wenxiaojie1]

Summary

• add a standalone README documentation-link validator
• check that each local Read the Docs page and anchor exists after the docs build
• run the validator in a dedicated GitHub Actions workflow

Validation

• python -m unittest discover -s docs/tests
• sphinx-build docs/source docs/_build/html
• python docs/check_readme_links.py

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 80.27%. Comparing base (108394f) to head (75e5ba8).

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##           master     #952   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   80.27%   80.27%           
=======================================
  Files          82       82           
  Lines        7185     7185           
=======================================
  Hits         5768     5768           
  Misses       1417     1417           

Flag	Coverage Δ
unittests	80.27% <ø> (ø)

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[haeter525]

Thanks for helping add the checks!
Hi @pulorsok could you help take a look when you have a moment?